1063 Aquilegia

1063 Aquilegia, provisional designation 1925 XA, is a background asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 17 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 6 December 1925, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg Observatory in southwest Germany.[13] The asteroid was named after the flowering plant Aquilegia (columbine).[3]

1063 Aquilegia
Discovery [1]
Discovered byK. Reinmuth
Discovery siteHeidelberg Obs.
Discovery date6 December 1925
Designations
(1063) Aquilegia
Pronunciation/ækwɪˈliːdʒ(i)ə/[2]
Named after
Aquilegia (flowering plant)[3]
1925 XA · 1948 EP
1956 SK · A906 KA
A910 NC · A920 GB
A923 CA
main-belt · (inner)
Flora [4] · background [5]
Orbital characteristics [1]
Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc111.49 yr (40,722 days)
Aphelion2.4058 AU
Perihelion2.2223 AU
2.3141 AU
Eccentricity0.0396
3.52 yr (1,286 days)
243.41°
0° 16m 48s / day
Inclination5.9729°
95.327°
107.54°
Physical characteristics
Dimensions11.288±0.540 km[6]
17.32±3.18 km[7]
17.75±1.2 km[8]
18.93±0.37 km[9]
5.79 h[10]
5.792±0.001 h[11]
0.139±0.006[9]
0.1572±0.023[8]
0.19±0.10[7]
0.389±0.042[6]
X [4][12]
B–V = 0.850[1]
U–B = 0.360[1]
11.04±0.30[12] · 11.32[7] · 11.38[1][4][6][8][9] · 11.51[10]

    Orbit and classification

    Aquilegia is a non-family background asteroid when applying the hierarchical clustering method to its proper orbital elements.[5] Based on more generic considerations, it has also been classified as a member of the Flora family (402), a giant asteroid family and the largest family of stony asteroids in the main-belt.[4]

    It orbits the Sun in the inner asteroid belt at a distance of 2.2–2.4 AU once every 3 years and 6 months (1,286 days; semi-major axis of 2.31 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.04 and an inclination of 6° with respect to the ecliptic.[1]

    First observed as A906 KA at Heidelberg in May 1906, the body's observation arc begins with a precovery taken in July 1907, more than 18 years prior to its official discovery observation.[13]

    Physical characteristics

    Aquilegia has been characterized as an X-type asteroid by Pan-STARRS' photometric survey,[12] which indicates that it is indeed a background asteroid rather than a member of the stony Flora family.

    Rotation period

    In February 2004, a rotational lightcurve of Aquilegia was obtained from photometric observations by French amateur astronomer Laurent Bernasconi. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period of 5.792 hours with a high brightness variation of 0.75 magnitude (U=3), indicative for a non-spherical shape.[11] Previous observations by Richard Binzel in May 1984 gave a similar period of 5.79 hours and an amplitude of 0.93 magnitude (U=2).[10]

    Diameter and albedo

    According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Aquilegia measures between 11.288 and 18.93 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.139 and 0.389.[6][7][8][9]

    The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link adopts the results obtained by IRAS, that is, an albedo of 0.1572 and a diameter of 17.75 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 11.38.[4][8]

    Naming

    This minor planet was named after a genus of flowering plants of the buttercup family, Aquilegia, which is commonly known as "columbine". The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 101).[3]

    Reinmuth's flowers

    Due to his many discoveries, Karl Reinmuth submitted a large list of 66 newly named asteroids in the early 1930s. The list covered his discoveries with numbers between (1009) and (1200). This list also contained a sequence of 28 asteroids, starting with 1054 Forsytia, that were all named after plants, in particular flowering plants (also see list of minor planets named after animals and plants).[14]

    References
    1. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1063 Aquilegia (1925 XA)" (2017-11-24 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 6 January 2018.
    2. "aquilegia". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
    3. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(1063) Aquilegia". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1063) Aquilegia. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 91. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1064. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
    4. "LCDB Data for (1063) Aquilegia". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 6 January 2018.
    5. "Asteroid 1063 Aquilegia – Proper Elements". AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site. Retrieved 28 October 2019.
    6. Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Nugent, C.; et al. (November 2012). "Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 759 (1): 5. arXiv:1209.5794. Bibcode:2012ApJ...759L...8M. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8. Retrieved 6 January 2018.
    7. Nugent, C. R.; Mainzer, A.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Kramer, E. A.; Grav, T.; et al. (September 2016). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Two: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astronomical Journal. 152 (3): 12. arXiv:1606.08923. Bibcode:2016AJ....152...63N. doi:10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/63. Retrieved 6 January 2018.
    8. Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004). "IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0". NASA Planetary Data System. 12: IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0. Bibcode:2004PDSS...12.....T. Retrieved 22 October 2019.
    9. Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. Retrieved 17 October 2019. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
    10. Binzel, R. P. (October 1987). "A photoelectric survey of 130 asteroids". Icarus. 72 (1): 135–208. Bibcode:1987Icar...72..135B. doi:10.1016/0019-1035(87)90125-4. ISSN 0019-1035. Retrieved 6 January 2018.
    11. Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (1063) Aquilegia". Geneva Observatory. Retrieved 6 January 2018.
    12. Veres, Peter; Jedicke, Robert; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Denneau, Larry; Granvik, Mikael; Bolin, Bryce; et al. (November 2015). "Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results". Icarus. 261: 34–47. arXiv:1506.00762. Bibcode:2015Icar..261...34V. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007. Retrieved 6 January 2018.
    13. "1063 Aquilegia (1925 XA)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 6 January 2018.
    14. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(1054) Forsytia". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1054) Forsytia. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 90. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1055. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.

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