1106 Cydonia

1106 Cydonia (/saɪˈdoʊniə/), provisional designation 1929 CW, is a Eunomian asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 13 kilometers (8 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 5 February 1929, by astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory in Germany.[12] The asteroid was named for the fruit-bearing tree Cydonia (quince).[3] The S-type asteroid has a relatively short rotation period of 2.7 hours.[4]

1106 Cydonia
Discovery [1]
Discovered byK. Reinmuth
Discovery siteHeidelberg Obs.
Discovery date5 February 1929
Designations
(1106) Cydonia
Pronunciation/saɪˈdoʊniə/[2]
Named after
Cydonia (quince) [3]
(flowering plant)
1929 CW
main-belt · (middle)
Eunomia [4][5]
Orbital characteristics [1]
Epoch 23 March 2018 (JD 2458200.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc88.41 yr (32,292 days)
Aphelion2.9246 AU
Perihelion2.2673 AU
2.5959 AU
Eccentricity0.1266
4.18 yr (1,528 days)
71.500°
0° 14m 8.16s / day
Inclination13.065°
328.26°
230.23°
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter
12.140±0.093 km[6]
12.818±0.182 km[7]
12.95±0.94 km[8]
13.26 km (calculated)[4]
2.6700±0.0181 h[9]
2.679±0.001 h[10]
0.1719±0.0182[7]
0.21 (assumed)[4]
0.241±0.018[8]
SMASS = S [1][4]
11.60[8] · 11.7[4] · 11.8[1] · 12.0[7] · 12.06±0.28[11]

    Orbit and classification

    Cydonia is a member of the Eunomia family (502),[4][5] a prominent family of stony asteroids and the largest one in the intermediate main belt with more than 5,000 members.[13] It orbits the Sun in the central asteroid belt at a distance of 2.3–2.9 AU once every 4 years and 2 months (1,528 days; semi-major axis 2.60 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.13 and an inclination of 13° with respect to the ecliptic.[1] The body's observation arc begins with its first and official discovery observation at Heidelberg in February 1929.[12]

    Physical characteristics

    In the SMASS classification, Cydonia is a stony S-type asteroid,[1][4] in-line with the Eunomia family's overall spectral type.[13]:23

    Rotation period

    In December 2015, a rotational lightcurve of Cydonia was obtained from photometric observations by astronomers at the Etscorn Observatory (719) in New Mexico, United States. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period of 2.679 hours with a brightness variation of 0.28 magnitude (U=3).[10] In April 2017, Spanish astronomers at Puçol Observatory (J42) and other stations of the APTOG-network measured a similar period of 2.6700 hours and an amplitude of 0.10 magnitude (U=2+).[9]

    Diameter and albedo

    According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Cydonia measures between 12.140 and 12.95 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.1719 and 0.241.[6][7][8]

    The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes an albedo of 0.21 – derived from 15 Eunomia, the family's parent body and namesake – and calculates a diameter of 13.26 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 11.7.[4]

    Naming

    This minor planet was named after the genus Cydonia in the family Rosaceae, with the fruit-bearing quince tree as its only member. The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 104).[3]

    Reinmuth's flowers

    Due to his many discoveries, Karl Reinmuth submitted a large list of 66 newly named asteroids in the early 1930s. The list covered his discoveries with numbers between (1009) and (1200). This list also contained a sequence of 28 asteroids, starting with 1054 Forsytia, that were all named after plants, in particular flowering plants (also see list of minor planets named after animals and plants).[14]

    References
    1. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1106 Cydonia (1929 CW)" (2017-07-05 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 28 February 2018.
    2. "Cydonia". Merriam-Webster Dictionary.
    3. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(1106) Cydonia". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1106) Cydonia. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 94. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1107. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
    4. "LCDB Data for (1106) Cydonia". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 28 February 2018.
    5. "Asteroid 1106 Cydonia – Nesvorny HCM Asteroid Families V3.0". Small Bodies Data Ferret. Retrieved 26 October 2019.
    6. Masiero, Joseph R.; Grav, T.; Mainzer, A. K.; Nugent, C. R.; Bauer, J. M.; Stevenson, R.; et al. (August 2014). "Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 791 (2): 11. arXiv:1406.6645. Bibcode:2014ApJ...791..121M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121.
    7. Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D.; et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 25. arXiv:1109.6407. Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...90M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90.
    8. Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Nugent, C.; et al. (November 2012). "Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 759 (1): 5. arXiv:1209.5794. Bibcode:2012ApJ...759L...8M. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8.
    9. Aznar Macias, Amadeo (July 2017). "Density and Axis-size Relationship of Five Main-belt Asteroids: 2017 January - March". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 44 (3): 276–279. Bibcode:2017MPBu...44..276A. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved 28 February 2018.
    10. Klinglesmith, Daniel A., III; Hendrickx, Sebastian; Madden, Karl; Montgomery, Samuel (July 2016). "Asteroid Lightcurves from Estcorn Observatory". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 43 (3): 234–239. Bibcode:2016MPBu...43..234K. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved 28 February 2018.
    11. Veres, Peter; Jedicke, Robert; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Denneau, Larry; Granvik, Mikael; Bolin, Bryce; et al. (November 2015). "Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results". Icarus. 261: 34–47. arXiv:1506.00762. Bibcode:2015Icar..261...34V. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007.
    12. "1106 Cydonia (1929 CW)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 28 February 2018.
    13. Nesvorný, D.; Broz, M.; Carruba, V. (December 2014). Identification and Dynamical Properties of Asteroid Families. Asteroids IV. pp. 297–321. arXiv:1502.01628. Bibcode:2015aste.book..297N. doi:10.2458/azu_uapress_9780816532131-ch016. ISBN 9780816532131.
    14. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(1054) Forsytia". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1054) Forsytia. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 90. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1055. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.

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