1177 Gonnessia

1177 Gonnessia, provisional designation 1930 WA, is a dark background asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 99 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 24 November 1930, by French astronomer Louis Boyer at the Algiers Observatory in Algeria, North Africa, and named after astronomer François Gonnessiat.[2][15]

1177 Gonnessia
Discovery [1]
Discovered byL. Boyer
Discovery siteAlgiers Obs.
Discovery date24 November 1930
Designations
(1177) Gonnessia
Named after
François Gonnessiat [2]
(French astronomer)
1930 WA · A923 RO
main-belt · (outer) [1][3]
Orbital characteristics [1]
Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc86.28 yr (31,513 days)
Aphelion3.4519 AU
Perihelion3.2440 AU
3.3480 AU
Eccentricity0.0310
6.13 yr (2,238 days)
344.46°
0° 9m 39.24s / day
Inclination15.071°
252.16°
241.85°
Physical characteristics
Dimensions91.98±9.9 km[4]
93.50±1.01 km[5]
99.27±43.41 km[6]
104.63±33.73 km[7]
6.81±0.01 h (poor)[8]
10 h[9]
28.89±0.02 h[9]
30.51±0.02 h[10][11]
30.51 h[lower-alpha 1]
82±5 h[12][lower-alpha 2]
0.03±0.02[7]
0.03±0.04[6]
0.0398±0.010[4]
0.040±0.001[5]
Tholen = XFU [1][3] · X [13]
B–V = 0.668 [1]
U–B = 0.244 [1]
8.86±0.13 (R)[lower-alpha 1] · 9.24[3] · 9.24±0.139[14] · 9.30[4][5][7] · 9.35[6] · 9.4[1] · 9.66±0.60[13]

    Orbit and classification

    Gonnessia is not a member of any known asteroid family. It orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 3.2–3.5 AU once every 6 years and 2 months (2,238 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.03 and an inclination of 15° with respect to the ecliptic.[1]

    The asteroid was first observed as A923 RO at Simeiz Observatory in September 1923. The body's observation arc begins at Heidelberg Observatory, three weeks after its official discovery observation at Algiers Bouzaréah.[15]

    Physical characteristics

    In the Tholen classification, Gonnessia is classified as an asteroid with an unusual spectrum (XFU).[1] It was also characterized as an X-type asteroid by PanSTARRS photometric survey.[13]

    Lightcurve photometry

    Several rotational lightcurves of Gonnessia were obtained since 2002. The best rated photometric observations were taken in 2010, by American astronomer Robert Stephens at the Goat Mountain Astronomical Research Station (G79) and Santana Observatory (646) in California. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 30.51 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.10 magnitude, indicative for a spheroidal shape (U=3-/3-).[10][11][lower-alpha 1] Previous observations by Brian Warner gave a longer period of 82 hours based on sparse photometry (U=2-).[12][lower-alpha 2] While not being a slow rotator, Gonnessia has a notably slower spin rate than most asteroids.

    Diameter and albedo

    According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Gonnessia measures between 91.98 and 104.63 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.03 and 0.040.[4][5][6][7]

    The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link adopts the results obtained by IRAS, that is an albedo of 0.0398 with a diameter of 91.98 kilometers. It also takes Petr Pravec's revised absolute magnitude from WISE of 9.24.[3][4][14]

    Naming

    This minor planet was named after astronomer François Gonnessiat (1856–1934), who was an observer of comets and a discoverer of minor planets. Gonnessiat was also a director of the discovering Algiers Observatory and headed the Quito Astronomical Observatory in Ecuador as well.[2] The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 109).[2]

    Notes
    1. Pravec (2011) web: rotation period 30.51 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.1 mag in August 2008. Period was fixed at Stephens' value. Absolute magnitude of 8.86. mag. Summary figures for (1177) Gonnessia at Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link and Ondrejov Asteroid Photometry Project
    2. Lightcurve plot of 1177 Gonnessia, from the Palmer Divide Observatory, by Brian D. Warner (2002)

    References
    1. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1177 Gonnessia (1930 WA)" (2017-03-29 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 26 August 2017.
    2. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(1177) Gonnessia". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1177) Gonnessia. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 99. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1178. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
    3. "LCDB Data for (1177) Gonnessia". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 26 August 2017.
    4. Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004). "IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0". NASA Planetary Data System. 12: IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0. Bibcode:2004PDSS...12.....T. Retrieved 22 October 2019.
    5. Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. Retrieved 17 October 2019. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
    6. Nugent, C. R.; Mainzer, A.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Kramer, E. A.; Grav, T.; et al. (September 2016). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Two: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astronomical Journal. 152 (3): 12. arXiv:1606.08923. Bibcode:2016AJ....152...63N. doi:10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/63. Retrieved 26 August 2017.
    7. Nugent, C. R.; Mainzer, A.; Masiero, J.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Grav, T.; et al. (December 2015). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year One: Preliminary Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 814 (2): 13. arXiv:1509.02522. Bibcode:2015ApJ...814..117N. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/814/2/117. Retrieved 26 August 2017.
    8. Warner, Brian D. (December 2002). "Lightcurve analysis for asteroids 607 Jenny, 1177 Gonnessia 4440 Tchantches, 4896 Tomoegozen, and (4995) 1984 QR". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 30 (2): 33–35. Bibcode:2003MPBu...30...33W. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved 26 August 2017.
    9. Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (1177) Gonnessia". Geneva Observatory. Retrieved 26 August 2017.
    10. Stephens, Robert D. (April 2011). "Asteroids Observed from GMARS and Santana Observatories: 2010 October-December". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 38 (2): 115. Bibcode:2011MPBu...38..115S. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved 26 August 2017.
    11. Stephens, Robert D. (July 2011). "Asteroids Observed from GMARS and Santana Observatories: 2011 January-March". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 38 (3): 165–166. Bibcode:2011MPBu...38..165S. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved 26 August 2017.
    12. Warner, Brian D. (April 2011). "Upon Further Review: VI. An Examination of Previous Lightcurve Analysis from the Palmer Divide Observatory". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 38 (2): 96–101. Bibcode:2011MPBu...38...96W. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved 26 August 2017.
    13. Veres, Peter; Jedicke, Robert; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Denneau, Larry; Granvik, Mikael; Bolin, Bryce; et al. (November 2015). "Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results". Icarus. 261: 34–47. arXiv:1506.00762. Bibcode:2015Icar..261...34V. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007. Retrieved 26 August 2017.
    14. Pravec, Petr; Harris, Alan W.; Kusnirák, Peter; Galád, Adrián; Hornoch, Kamil (September 2012). "Absolute magnitudes of asteroids and a revision of asteroid albedo estimates from WISE thermal observations". Icarus. 221 (1): 365–387. Bibcode:2012Icar..221..365P. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2012.07.026. Retrieved 26 August 2017.
    15. "1177 Gonnessia (1930 WA)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 26 August 2017.

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