1253 Frisia

1253 Frisia, provisional designation 1931 TV1, is a carbonaceous Themistian asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 20 kilometers in diameter. Discovered by Karl Reinmuth at Heidelberg Observatory in 1931, the asteroid was later named after the region of Frisia and the Frisian Islands.[3]

1253 Frisia
Discovery [1]
Discovered byK. Reinmuth
Discovery siteHeidelberg Obs.
Discovery date9 October 1931
Designations
(1253) Frisia
Pronunciation/ˈfrɪziə/[2]
Named after
Frisia · Frisian Islands
(Home of the Frisian people)[3]
1931 TV1 · 1933 BO
1937 VN · 1948 SE
1954 UC · 1959 RC
1971 UE3
main-belt · (outer)
Themis [4][5]
Orbital characteristics [1]
Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc85.48 yr (31,220 days)
Aphelion3.8295 AU
Perihelion2.4952 AU
3.1624 AU
Eccentricity0.2110
5.62 yr (2,054 days)
78.227°
0° 10m 31.08s / day
Inclination1.3468°
40.015°
355.23°
Physical characteristics
Dimensions18.71 km (calculated)[4]
19.09±0.19 km[6]
21.682±0.043 km[7]
22.995±0.121 km[8]
24.00±7.16 km[9]
14.557±0.002 h[10]
18.500±0.0096 h[11]
0.04±0.03[9]
0.077±0.012[6]
0.08 (assumed)[4]
0.0839±0.0105[8]
C (assumed)[4]
11.5[8] · 12.00[1][4][6] · 12.02±0.26[12] · 12.088±0.001 (R)[11] · 12.13[9]

    Discovery

    Frisia was discovered on 9 October 1931, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory in southwest Germany.[13] It was independently discovered by Soviet astronomer Pelageya Shajn at the Simeiz Observatory on the Crimean peninsula on 6 November 1931.[3] The body's observation arc begins at Heidelberg eleven days after its official discovery observation.[13]

    Orbit and classification

    Frisia is a Themistian asteroid that belongs to the Themis family (602),[4][5] a very large family of carbonaceous asteroids, named after 24 Themis.[14]:23 It orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.5–3.8 AU once every 5 years and 7 months (2,054 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.21 and an inclination of 1° with respect to the ecliptic.[1]

    Physical characteristics

    Frisia is an assumed carbonaceous C-type asteroid,[4] which corresponds to the overall spectral type of the Themis family.[14]:23

    Rotation period

    In November 2011, a rotational lightcurve of Frisia was obtained by astronomers at the University of North Dakota (730) and the Badlands Observatory in North Dakota, United States. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 14.557 hours with a brightness variation of 0.16 magnitude (U=2).[10] Photometric observations in the R-band at the Palomar Transient Factory in September 2011, gave a somewhat similar period of 18.500 hours and an amplitude of 0.15 magnitude (U=2).[11]

    Diameter and albedo

    According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Frisia measures between 19.09 and 24.00 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.04 and 0.0839.[6][7][8][9]

    The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes an albedo of 0.08 and calculates a diameter of 18.71 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 12.0.[4]

    Naming

    This minor planet was named after region of Frisia and its Frisian Islands, located on the southeastern coast of the North Sea. The region is the homeland of the Frisian people and mostly part of the Netherlands but its islands stretch along the coast up to Germany and Denmark. The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 115).[3]

    References
    1. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1253 Frisia (1931 TV1)" (2017-03-31 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
    2. "Frisian". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
    3. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(1253) Frisia". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1253) Frisia. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 104. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1254. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
    4. "LCDB Data for (1253) Frisia". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 19 September 2017.
    5. "Asteroid 1253 Frisia – Nesvorny HCM Asteroid Families V3.0". Small Bodies Data Ferret. Retrieved 26 October 2019.
    6. Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Nugent, C.; et al. (November 2012). "Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 759 (1): 5. arXiv:1209.5794. Bibcode:2012ApJ...759L...8M. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
    7. Masiero, Joseph R.; Grav, T.; Mainzer, A. K.; Nugent, C. R.; Bauer, J. M.; Stevenson, R.; et al. (August 2014). "Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 791 (2): 11. arXiv:1406.6645. Bibcode:2014ApJ...791..121M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
    8. Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D.; et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 25. arXiv:1109.6407. Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...90M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90.
    9. Nugent, C. R.; Mainzer, A.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Kramer, E. A.; Grav, T.; et al. (September 2016). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Two: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astronomical Journal. 152 (3): 12. arXiv:1606.08923. Bibcode:2016AJ....152...63N. doi:10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/63. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
    10. Gartrelle, Gordon M. (April 2012). "Lightcurve Results for Eleven Asteroids". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 39 (2): 40%–46. Bibcode:2012MPBu...39...40G. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
    11. Waszczak, Adam; Chang, Chan-Kao; Ofek, Eran O.; Laher, Russ; Masci, Frank; Levitan, David; et al. (September 2015). "Asteroid Light Curves from the Palomar Transient Factory Survey: Rotation Periods and Phase Functions from Sparse Photometry". The Astronomical Journal. 150 (3): 35. arXiv:1504.04041. Bibcode:2015AJ....150...75W. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/150/3/75. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
    12. Veres, Peter; Jedicke, Robert; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Denneau, Larry; Granvik, Mikael; Bolin, Bryce; et al. (November 2015). "Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results". Icarus. 261: 34–47. arXiv:1506.00762. Bibcode:2015Icar..261...34V. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
    13. "1253 Frisia (1931 TV1)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
    14. Nesvorný, D.; Broz, M.; Carruba, V. (December 2014). Identification and Dynamical Properties of Asteroid Families. Asteroids IV. pp. 297–321. arXiv:1502.01628. Bibcode:2015aste.book..297N. doi:10.2458/azu_uapress_9780816532131-ch016. ISBN 9780816532131.

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