1392 Pierre

1392 Pierre, provisional designation 1936 FO, is a dark, dynamical Eunomian asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 26 kilometers (16 mi) in diameter. It was discovered on 16 March 1936, by astronomer Louis Boyer at the Algiers Observatory in Algeria, North Africa.[1] The asteroid was named after the discoverer's nephew, Pierre.[2]

1392 Pierre
Discovery [1]
Discovered byL. Boyer
Discovery siteAlgiers Obs.
Discovery date16 March 1936
Designations
(1392) Pierre
Named after
Pierre [2] (discoverer's nephew)
1936 FO · 1938 SZ
1955 TZ · 1959 SH
A917 UB
main-belt [1][3] · (middle)
Eunomia [4][5] · background [6]
Orbital characteristics [3]
Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc81.30 yr (29,695 days)
Aphelion3.1355 AU
Perihelion2.0788 AU
2.6071 AU
Eccentricity0.2026
4.21 yr (1,538 days)
244.35°
0° 14m 2.76s / day
Inclination12.263°
358.24°
44.290°
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter
26.16±0.34 km[7]
26.44±1.6 km[5][8]
27.02±5.29 km[9]
28.94±8.81 km[10]
18 h[11]
0.04±0.01[9]
0.04±0.02[10]
0.0519±0.007[5][8]
0.054±0.002[7]
Tholen = DX [3][5] · C [12]
B–V = 0.757 [3]
U–B = 0.258 [3]
11.72[3][5][7][8][10]
11.9[1]

    Orbit and classification

    Pierre is a dynamical member of the Eunomia family (502), a prominent family of stony asteroids and the largest one in the intermediate main belt with more than 5,000 members.[4][5] Pierre's spectral type is different from that of the Eunomia family (see below) and possibly an interloper rather than a true family member. When applying the hierarchical clustering method to its proper orbital elements, Pierre is a non-family asteroid of the main belt's background population.[6]

    It orbits the Sun in the central main-belt at a distance of 2.1–3.1 AU once every 4 years and 3 months (1,538 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.20 and an inclination of 12° with respect to the ecliptic.[3] The asteroid was first observed as A917 UB at Simeiz Observatory in October 1917. The body's observation arc begins with its official discovery observation at Algiers in March 1936.[1]

    Naming

    This minor planet was named after Pierre, a nephew of the discoverer Louis Boyer. The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 126).[2]

    Physical characteristics

    Pierre has been characterized as a carbonaceous C-type asteroid by Pan-STARRS photometric survey.[12] In the Tholen classification, the asteroid's spectral type is ambiguous, closest to a dark D-type and somewhat similar to a generic X-type asteroid.[3] Conversely, the Eunomia family consists of S-type asteroids.[13]:23

    Rotation period

    In August 1984, a first rotational lightcurve of Pierre was obtained from photometric observations with the ESO 1-metre telescope at the La Silla Observatory in Chile. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 18 hours with a brightness variation of 0.09 magnitude (U=2).[11] A poorly rated lightcurve by Pierre Antonini in Januar 2007, gave a period of 24 hours with an amplitude of 0.05 magnitude.[14]

    Diameter and albedo

    According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Pierre measures between 26.16 and 28.94 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.04 and 0.054.[7][8][9][10] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link adopts the results obtained by IRAS, that is, an albedo of 0.0519 and a diameter of 26.44 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 11.72.[5][8]

    References
    1. "1392 Pierre (1936 FO)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 26 October 2017.
    2. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(1392) Pierre". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1392) Pierre. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 112. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1393. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
    3. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1392 Pierre (1936 FO)" (2017-07-04 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 26 October 2017.
    4. "Asteroid 1392 Pierre – Asteroid Dynamical Families V4.1". Small Bodies Data Ferret. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
    5. "LCDB Data for (1392) Pierre". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 26 October 2017.
    6. "Asteroid 1392 Pierre – Proper Elements". AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
    7. Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. Retrieved 17 October 2019. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
    8. Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004). "IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0". NASA Planetary Data System. 12: IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0. Bibcode:2004PDSS...12.....T. Retrieved 22 October 2019.
    9. Nugent, C. R.; Mainzer, A.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Kramer, E. A.; Grav, T.; et al. (September 2016). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Two: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astronomical Journal. 152 (3): 12. arXiv:1606.08923. Bibcode:2016AJ....152...63N. doi:10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/63. Retrieved 26 October 2017.
    10. Nugent, C. R.; Mainzer, A.; Masiero, J.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Grav, T.; et al. (December 2015). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year One: Preliminary Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 814 (2): 13. arXiv:1509.02522. Bibcode:2015ApJ...814..117N. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/814/2/117. Retrieved 26 October 2017.
    11. Barucci, M. A.; di Martino, M.; Fulchignoni, M. (May 1992). "Rotational properties of small asteroids - Photoelectric observations". Astronomical Journal. 103: 1679–1686. Bibcode:1992AJ....103.1679B. doi:10.1086/116185. ISSN 0004-6256. Retrieved 26 October 2017.
    12. Veres, Peter; Jedicke, Robert; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Denneau, Larry; Granvik, Mikael; Bolin, Bryce; et al. (November 2015). "Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results". Icarus. 261: 34–47. arXiv:1506.00762. Bibcode:2015Icar..261...34V. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007. Retrieved 26 October 2017.
    13. Nesvorný, D.; Broz, M.; Carruba, V. (December 2014). Identification and Dynamical Properties of Asteroid Families. Asteroids IV. pp. 297–321. arXiv:1502.01628. Bibcode:2015aste.book..297N. doi:10.2458/azu_uapress_9780816532131-ch016. ISBN 9780816532131.
    14. Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (1392) Pierre". Geneva Observatory. Retrieved 26 October 2017.

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