1425 Tuorla

1425 Tuorla, provisional designation 1937 GB, is a stony Eunomian asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 14 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 3 April 1937, by Finnish astronomer Kustaa Inkeri at the Iso-Heikkilä Observatory in Turku, southwestern Finland.[12] The asteroid was named after the Tuorla Observatory of the University of Turku.[2] It was Kustaa Inkeri's only asteroid discovery.[13]

1425 Tuorla
Discovery [1]
Discovered byK. Inkeri
Discovery siteTurku Obs.
Discovery date3 April 1937
Designations
(1425) Tuorla
Named after
Tuorla Observatory [2]
(Inst. for Astronomy and Optics)
1937 GB · 1950 KC
1950 LQ
main-belt · (middle)
Eunomia [3][4]
Orbital characteristics [1]
Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc67.14 yr (24,522 days)
Aphelion2.8766 AU
Perihelion2.3483 AU
2.6125 AU
Eccentricity0.1011
4.22 yr (1,542 days)
40.218°
0° 14m 0.24s / day
Inclination12.975°
185.99°
342.25°
Physical characteristics
Dimensions11.795±0.874 km[5]
14.34±1.08 km[6]
14.94±1.1 km[3][7]
6.76±0.01 h[lower-alpha 1]
6.97±0.01 h[8]
7.748±0.0027 h[9]
7.75±0.06 h[10]
0.2389 (derived)[3]
0.2390±0.040[7]
0.260±0.041[6]
0.383±0.083[5]
S [3][11]
11.173±0.003 (R)[9] · 11.30[3][5][6][7] · 11.4[1] · 11.91±0.41[11]

    Orbit and classification

    Tuorla is a member of the Eunomia family (502),[3][4] a prominent family of stony asteroids and the largest one in the intermediate main belt with more than 5,000 members.[14]:23 It orbits the Sun at a distance of 2.3–2.9 AU once every 4 years and 3 months (1,542 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.10 and an inclination of 13° with respect to the ecliptic.[1] The body's observation arc begins at Turku, the night before its official discovery observation.[12]

    Physical characteristics

    Tuorla has been characterized as a stony S-type asteroid by Pan-STARRS photometric survey,[11] in accordance with the overall spectral type for members of the Eunomia family.[14]:23

    Rotation period

    In April 2013, the so-far best-rated a rotational lightcurve of Tuorla was obtained from photometric observations by astronomer Vladimir Benishek at Belgrade Observatory in Serbia. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period of 7.75 hours (h) with a brightness variation of 0.24 magnitude (U=3).[10] Other lightcurves were obtained by Alfonso Carreno Garceran (6.76 h),[lower-alpha 1] Laurent Bernasconi (7.75 h),[8] and the Palomar Transient Factory (7.748 h),[9]

    Diameter and albedo

    According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Tuorla measures between 11.795 and 14.94 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.2390 and 0.383.[5][6][7] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.2389 and adopts a diameter of 14.94 kilometers from IRAS, based on an absolute magnitude of 11.3.[3]

    Naming

    This minor planet was named after the Tuorla Observatory, the Research Institute for Astronomy and Optics, of the University of Turku, located in Piikkiö near Turku, Finland.[2] The Tuorla Observatory was established by prolific minor-planet discoverer Yrjö Väisälä in 1952, as an alternative to the Iso-Heikkilä Observatory, where this asteroid was discovered. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 30 January 1964 (M.P.C. 2277).[15]

    Notes
    1. Garceran (2013) web: rotation period hours with a brightness amplitude of mag. Summary figures for (1425) Tuorla at LCDB

    References
    1. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1425 Tuorla (1937 GB)" (2017-07-05 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 26 October 2017.
    2. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(1425) Tuorla". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1425) Tuorla. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 114. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1426. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
    3. "LCDB Data for (1425) Tuorla". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 26 October 2017.
    4. "Asteroid 1425 Tuorla – Nesvorny HCM Asteroid Families V3.0". Small Bodies Data Ferret. Retrieved 26 October 2019.
    5. Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Nugent, C.; et al. (November 2012). "Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 759 (1): 5. arXiv:1209.5794. Bibcode:2012ApJ...759L...8M. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8. Retrieved 26 October 2017.
    6. Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. Retrieved 17 October 2019. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
    7. Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004). "IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0". NASA Planetary Data System – IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0. Bibcode:2004PDSS...12.....T. Retrieved 17 October 2019.
    8. Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (1425) Tuorla". Geneva Observatory. Retrieved 26 October 2017.
    9. Waszczak, Adam; Chang, Chan-Kao; Ofek, Eran O.; Laher, Russ; Masci, Frank; Levitan, David; et al. (September 2015). "Asteroid Light Curves from the Palomar Transient Factory Survey: Rotation Periods and Phase Functions from Sparse Photometry". The Astronomical Journal. 150 (3): 35. arXiv:1504.04041. Bibcode:2015AJ....150...75W. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/150/3/75. Retrieved 26 October 2017.
    10. Benishek, Vladimir (April 2014). "Rotation Period Determination for 1425 Tuorla, 1468 Zomba, 1486 Marilyn, 2112 Ulyanov, and (101158) 2000 OL". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 41 (2): 126–127. Bibcode:2014MPBu...41..126B. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved 26 October 2017.
    11. Veres, Peter; Jedicke, Robert; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Denneau, Larry; Granvik, Mikael; Bolin, Bryce; et al. (November 2015). "Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results". Icarus. 261: 34–47. arXiv:1506.00762. Bibcode:2015Icar..261...34V. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007. Retrieved 26 October 2017.
    12. "1425 Tuorla (1937 GB)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 26 October 2017.
    13. "Minor Planet Discoverers (by number)". Minor Planet Center. 5 October 2017. Retrieved 26 October 2017.
    14. Nesvorný, D.; Broz, M.; Carruba, V. (December 2014). Identification and Dynamical Properties of Asteroid Families. Asteroids IV. pp. 297–321. arXiv:1502.01628. Bibcode:2015aste.book..297N. doi:10.2458/azu_uapress_9780816532131-ch016. ISBN 9780816532131.
    15. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2009). "Appendix – Publication Dates of the MPCs". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – Addendum to Fifth Edition (2006–2008). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 221. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-01965-4. ISBN 978-3-642-01964-7.

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