2094 Magnitka

2094 Magnitka (prov. designation: 1971 TC2) is a Flora asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 12 kilometers (7.5 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 12 October 1971, at and by the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory in Nauchnyj, on the Crimean peninsula.[12] The discovery has not been attributed to an observing astronomer. It was later named for the city of Magnitogorsk.[2]

2094 Magnitka
Shape model of Magnitka from its lightcurve
Discovery [1]
Discovered byCrimean Astrophysical Obs.
Discovery siteCrimean Astrophysical Obs.
Discovery date12 October 1971
Designations
(2094) Magnitka
Named after
Magnitogorsk (Russian city)[2]
1971 TC2 · 1941 WK
1951 WP · 1956 EB
1964 TD · 1968 WE
1977 FG
main-belt · Flora [3]
Orbital characteristics [1]
Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc75.36 yr (27,524 days)
Aphelion2.4474 AU
Perihelion2.0170 AU
2.2322 AU
Eccentricity0.0964
3.34 yr (1,218 days)
149.03°
0° 17m 43.8s / day
Inclination5.0289°
281.93°
251.58°
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter
9.91±0.58 km[4]
10.121±0.408 km[5]
12.053±0.055 km[6]
12.167 km[7]
12.17 km (taken)[3]
12.58±1.04 km[8]
12.69±1.1 km[9]
6.11±0.02 h[10]
6.1124±0.0002 h[lower-alpha 1]
6.24±0.01 h[11]
0.120[3][7]
0.1278±0.0129[6]
0.132±0.025[5]
0.1739±0.035[9]
0.194±0.042[8]
0.285±0.036[4]
S [3]
11.90[8] · 12.0±0.2 (R)[lower-alpha 1] · 12.0[4][9] · 12.1[1] · 12.45[6] · 12.49±0.206[7] · 12.49[3]

    Orbit and classification

    Magnitka is a member of the Flora family, one of the largest families of stony asteroids. It orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 2.0–2.4 AU once every 3 years and 4 months (1,218 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.10 and an inclination of 5° with respect to the ecliptic.[1] It was first identified as 1941 WK at the Finnish Turku Observatory, extending the body's observation arc by 30 years prior to its official discovery observation.[12]

    Naming

    This minor planet was named for the city of Magnitogorsk, one of the largest centers of metallurgy of the former Soviet Union.[2] The city is located at the far-east of the Ural Mountains in the Chelyabinsk Oblast region, also known for the spectacular air-burst of the Chelyabinsk meteor in 2013. The approved naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 1 April 1980 (M.P.C. 5282).[13]

    Physical characteristics
    Lightcurve-based 3D-model of Magnitka

    Lightcurves

    In October 2006, two rotational lightcurves for Magnitka were obtained from photometric observations by Petr Pravec at Ondřejov Observatory and by John Menke at his Menke Observatory, respectively. Lightcurve analysis gave a concurring rotation period of 6.11 hours with a brightness variation of 0.80 and 0.86 magnitude (U=3-/n.a.), respectively, indicating a non-spheroidal shape for Magnitka.[10][lower-alpha 1] In March 2016, Pierre Antonini obtained a tentative lightcurve, which gave a period of 6.24 hours and an amplitude of 0.85 (U=2+).[11]

    Diameter and albedo

    According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite, and NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, the asteroid measures between 9.9 and 12.7 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.132.[4][5][6][7][8][9] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link agrees with Pravec's revised thermal WISE data,[7] taking an albedo of 0.12, and a diameter of 12.17 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 12.49.[3]

    Notes
    1. Pravec (2006): Observed on 26 January 2006; rotation period of 6.1124±0.0002 hours; brightness amplitude of 0.86 magnitude; no quality code assessment. Summary figures for (2094) Magnitka at Light Curve Database

    References
    1. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 2094 Magnitka (1971 TC2)" (2017-03-26 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 3 July 2017.
    2. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(2094) Magnitka". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 170. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_2095. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
    3. "LCDB Data for (2094) Magnitka". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 7 December 2016.
    4. Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. Retrieved 17 October 2019. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
    5. Masiero, Joseph R.; Grav, T.; Mainzer, A. K.; Nugent, C. R.; Bauer, J. M.; Stevenson, R.; et al. (August 2014). "Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 791 (2): 11. arXiv:1406.6645. Bibcode:2014ApJ...791..121M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121. Retrieved 7 December 2016.
    6. Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D.; et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 25. arXiv:1109.6407. Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...90M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90.
    7. Pravec, Petr; Harris, Alan W.; Kusnirák, Peter; Galád, Adrián; Hornoch, Kamil (September 2012). "Absolute magnitudes of asteroids and a revision of asteroid albedo estimates from WISE thermal observations". Icarus. 221 (1): 365–387. Bibcode:2012Icar..221..365P. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2012.07.026. Retrieved 7 December 2016.
    8. Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Nugent, C.; et al. (November 2012). "Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 759 (1): 5. arXiv:1209.5794. Bibcode:2012ApJ...759L...8M. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8. Retrieved 7 December 2016.
    9. Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004). "IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0". NASA Planetary Data System. 12: IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0. Bibcode:2004PDSS...12.....T. Retrieved 22 October 2019.
    10. Menke, John; Cooney, Walt; Gross, John; Terrell, Dirk; Higgins, David (October 2008). "Asteroid Lightcurve Analysis at Menke Observatory". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 35 (4): 155–160. Bibcode:2008MPBu...35..155M. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved 7 December 2016.
    11. Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (2094) Magnitka". Geneva Observatory. Retrieved 1 September 2016.
    12. "2094 Magnitka (1971 TC2)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 7 December 2016.
    13. "MPC/MPO/MPS Archive". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 7 December 2016.
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