2301 Whitford

2301 Whitford, provisional designation 1965 WJ, is a background asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 17 kilometers (11 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 20 November 1965, by astronomers of the Indiana Asteroid Program at Goethe Link Observatory in the United States.[1] The asteroid was named for American physicist and astronomer Albert Whitford.[1] The uncommon L-type asteroid has a rotation period of 14.3 hours.[3]

2301 Whitford
Discovery [1]
Discovered byIndiana University
(Indiana Asteroid Program)
Discovery siteGoethe Link Obs.
Discovery date20 November 1965
Designations
(2301) Whitford
Named after
Albert Whitford [1]
(American astronomer)
1965 WJ · 1931 TR2
1944 BB · 1955 BC
1967 GK1 · 1974 MD
1976 UA4
main-belt [1][2] · (outer) [3]
background [4]
Orbital characteristics [2]
Epoch 23 March 2018 (JD 2458200.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc86.30 yr (31,522 d)
Aphelion3.8557 AU
Perihelion2.5071 AU
3.1814 AU
Eccentricity0.2119
5.67 yr (2,073 d)
100.82°
0° 10m 25.32s / day
Inclination11.653°
78.984°
8.1290°
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter
16.56 km (calculated)[3]
17.40±3.72 km[5]
19.47±1.37 km[6]
14.275±0.0049 h[7]
27.1±0.1 h (poor)[lower-alpha 1]
0.20 (assumed)[3]
0.223±0.033[6]
0.240±0.282[5]
L [8] · S (SDSS-MFB)[3][lower-alpha 2]
10.80[6] · 10.815±0.003 (R)[7] · 10.97[5] · 11.0[2] · 11.27[3] · 11.52±0.29[8]

    Orbit and classification

    Whitford is a non-family asteroid from the main belt's background population.[4] It orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.5–3.9 AU once every 5 years and 8 months (2,073 days; semi-major axis of 3.18 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.21 and an inclination of 12° with respect to the ecliptic.[2]

    The asteroid was first observed as 1931 TR2 at Lowell Observatory in October 1931. The body's observation arc begins ten years prior to its official discovery observation with its observation as 1955 BC at Goethe Link Observatory in January 1955.[1]

    Physical characteristics

    Whitford has been characterized as an uncommon L-type asteroid by Pan-STARRS' photometric survey. It is also characterized as a common S-type asteroid in the SDSS-MFB (Masi Foglia Binzel) taxonomy.[3][lower-alpha 2]

    Rotation period

    In April 2012, a rotational lightcurve of Whitford was obtained from photometric observations in the R-band by astronomers at the Palomar Transient Factory in California. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 14.275 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.35 magnitude (U=2),[7] superseding a previous measurement of 27.1 hours (U=1).[lower-alpha 1]

    Diameter and albedo

    According to the surveys carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Whitford measures between 17.40 and 19.47 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.223 and 0.240.[5][6]

    The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for stony asteroids of 0.20 and calculates a diameter of 16.56 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 11.27.[3]

    Naming

    This minor planet was named after American physicist and astronomer Albert Whitford (1905–2002), who was a pioneer in photoelectric photometry. Whitford was also a director at the Washburn and Lick observatories, as well as a former president of the American Astronomical Society.[1] The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 20 December 1983 (M.P.C. 8403).[9]

    Notes
    1. Aznar (2011) web: rotation period 27.1±0.1 hours with a brightness amplitude of 1.0±0.05 mag. Observation from November 2010. Quality code of 1. Summary figures at the LCDB
    2. Search for Unusual Spectroscopic Candidates Among 40313 minor planets from the 3rd Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Moving Object Catalog (publication). SDSS-MFB (Masi Foglia Binzel) taxonomy (catalog).

    References
    1. "2301 Whitford (1965 WJ)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 19 March 2018.
    2. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 2301 Whitford (1965 WJ)" (2018-01-27 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 19 March 2018.
    3. "LCDB Data for (2301) Whitford". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 19 March 2018.
    4. "Asteroid 2301 Whitford – Proper Elements". AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
    5. Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Nugent, C.; et al. (November 2012). "Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 759 (1): 5. arXiv:1209.5794. Bibcode:2012ApJ...759L...8M. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8. Retrieved 19 March 2018.
    6. Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. Retrieved 17 October 2019. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
    7. Waszczak, Adam; Chang, Chan-Kao; Ofek, Eran O.; Laher, Russ; Masci, Frank; Levitan, David; et al. (September 2015). "Asteroid Light Curves from the Palomar Transient Factory Survey: Rotation Periods and Phase Functions from Sparse Photometry". The Astronomical Journal. 150 (3): 35. arXiv:1504.04041. Bibcode:2015AJ....150...75W. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/150/3/75. Retrieved 19 March 2018.
    8. Veres, Peter; Jedicke, Robert; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Denneau, Larry; Granvik, Mikael; Bolin, Bryce; et al. (November 2015). "Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results". Icarus. 261: 34–47. arXiv:1506.00762. Bibcode:2015Icar..261...34V. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007. Retrieved 19 March 2018.
    9. "MPC/MPO/MPS Archive". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 19 March 2018.

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