943 Begonia

943 Begonia /bɪˈɡoʊniə/ is a large, carbonaceous background asteroid, approximately 70 kilometers (43 miles) in diameter, from the outer region of the asteroid belt. It was discovered by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg Observatory on 20 October 1920 and given the provisional designations A920 UA and 1920 HX.[1] The dark C-type asteroid (Ch) has a rotation period of 15.7 hours. It was named after the genus of popular houseplants, Begonia.[2]

943 Begonia
Modelled shape of Begonia from its lightcurve
Discovery [1]
Discovered byK. Reinmuth
Discovery siteHeidelberg Obs.
Discovery date20 October 1920
Designations
(943) Begonia
Pronunciation/bɪˈɡoʊniə/
Named after
Begonia [2]
(genus of flowers)
A920 UA · 1944 DM
1947 RC · 1977 FU
1920 HX
main-belt [1][3] · (outer)
background [4][5]
Orbital characteristics [3]
Epoch 31 May 2020 (JD 2459000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc99.21 yr (36,237 d)
Aphelion3.7814 AU
Perihelion2.4517 AU
3.1166 AU
Eccentricity0.2133
5.50 yr (2,010 d)
310.58°
0° 10m 44.76s / day
Inclination12.108°
113.77°
4.1314°
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter
  • 69.21±3.0 km[6]
  • 69.30±1.23 km[7]
  • 70.572±2.446 km[8]
15.660±0.001 h[9][10]
  • 0.044±0.005[8]
  • 0.0456±0.004[6]
  • 0.047±0.002[7]
9.8[1][3]

    Orbit and classification

    Begonia is a non-family asteroid of the main belt's background population when applying the hierarchical clustering method to its proper orbital elements.[4][5] It orbits the Sun in the outer asteroid belt at a distance of 2.5–3.8 AU once every 5 years and 6 months (2,010 days; semi-major axis of 3.12 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.21 and an inclination of 12° with respect to the ecliptic.[3] The body's observation arc begins at Heidelberg Observatory on 21 October 1920, the night after its official discovery observation.[1]

    Naming

    This minor planet was named after the genus of tropical herbs, Begonia. These flowering plants belongs to the Begoniaceae family and are popular houseplants, widely cultivated as ornamentals. The naming was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 91).[2] Only a minority of minor planets are named after plants.

    Reinmuth's flowers

    Due to his many discoveries, Karl Reinmuth submitted a large list of 66 newly named asteroids in the early 1930s. The list covered his discoveries with numbers between (1009) and (1200). This list also contained a sequence of 28 asteroids, that were all named after plants, in particular flowering plants (also see list of minor planets named after animals and plants).[13]

    Physical characteristics

    In the SDSS-based taxonomy, Begonia is a common carbonaceous C-type asteroid,[12] while in the Tholen classification, it is a stony S-type, somewhat similar to the dark and rare T-type asteroids.[3][5] Alternatively, in the Small Solar System Objects Spectroscopic Survey (S3OS2), it is classified as an X-type in the survey's Tholen-like taxonomy, and as a hydrated carbonaceous Ch-subtype in the SMASS-like taxonomic variant (Bus–Binzel) of the survey.[5][11]

    Rotation period

    In March 2005, a rotational lightcurve of Begonia was obtained from photometric observations by French amateur astronomers Laurent Bernasconi, Raymond Poncy and Silvano Casulli. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period of 15.660±0.001 hours (0.6525 days) with a brightness variation of 0.35±0.01 magnitude (U=3).[10] An identical period of 15.66±0.05 hours with an amplitude of 0.24±0.01 magnitude was measured by their colleague René Roy in May 2011 (U=2).[10] In February 2016, Jean-Paul Godard and Frédéric Bergero also determined a period of 15.7±0.5 hours and an amplitude of 0.36±0.05 magnitude (U=2−).[10]

    Diameter and albedo

    According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite, and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), Begonia measures 69.21±3.0, 69.30±1.23 and 70.572±2.446 kilometers in diameter, and its surface has an albedo of 0.0456±0.004, 0.047±0.002 and 0.044±0.005, respectively.[6][7][8] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link adopts the results from IRAS, that is, an albedo of 0.0456 and a diameter of 69.21 km based on an absolute magnitude of 9.77.[9]

    Further published mean-diameters and albedos by he WISE team include 63.24±0.29 km, 67.593±21.21 km, and 72.379±0.833 km with corresponding albedos of 0.04±0.01, 0.0358±0.0453, and 0.0288±0.0028.[5][9] An asteroid occultation on 25 March 2005, gave a best-fit ellipse dimension of 69.0 × 69.0 kilometers.[5] These timed observations are taken when the asteroid passes in front of a distant star. However the quality of the measurement is poorly rated.[5]

    References
    1. "943 Begonia (A920 UA)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 15 February 2020.
    2. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(943) Begonia". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 83. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_944. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
    3. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 943 Begonia (A920 UA)" (2020-01-07 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 15 February 2020.
    4. "Asteroid 943 Begonia – Proper Elements". AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site. Retrieved 15 February 2020.
    5. "Asteroid 943 Begonia". Small Bodies Data Ferret. Retrieved 15 February 2020.
    6. Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004). "IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0". NASA Planetary Data System. 12: IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0. Bibcode:2004PDSS...12.....T. Retrieved 14 February 2020.
    7. Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. Retrieved 15 February 2020. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
    8. Masiero, Joseph R.; Grav, T.; Mainzer, A. K.; Nugent, C. R.; Bauer, J. M.; Stevenson, R.; et al. (August 2014). "Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 791 (2): 11. arXiv:1406.6645. Bibcode:2014ApJ...791..121M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121.
    9. "LCDB Data for (943) Begonia". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 15 February 2020.
    10. Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (943) Begonia". Geneva Observatory. Retrieved 15 February 2020.
    11. Lazzaro, D.; Angeli, C. A.; Carvano, J. M.; Mothé-Diniz, T.; Duffard, R.; Florczak, M. (November 2004). "S3OS2: the visible spectroscopic survey of 820 asteroids" (PDF). Icarus. 172 (1): 179–220. Bibcode:2004Icar..172..179L. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2004.06.006. Retrieved 15 February 2020.
    12. Carvano, J. M.; Hasselmann, P. H.; Lazzaro, D.; Mothé-Diniz, T. (February 2010). "SDSS-based taxonomic classification and orbital distribution of main belt asteroids". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 510: 12. Bibcode:2010A&A...510A..43C. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200913322. Retrieved 15 February 2020. (PDS data set)
    13. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(1054) Forsytia – note to Reinmuth's flowers". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 90. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1055. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
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