A-frame complex

A-frame complexes are coordination compounds that contain two bridging bidentate ligands and a single atom bridge. They have the formula M2(μ-X)(bd)2L2, where bd is a bidentate ligand like dppm, and X and L are a wide variety of ligands. The term was coined to describe products arising from the oxidative addition to Rh(I)Rh(I) complexes.[1]

Scope of compounds

A-frame complexes typically consist of a pair of square-planar metal centres. Consequently, this family of complexes is found for those metals that tend to adopt that geometry, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt, and Au. In addition to dppm, the analogous tetramethyldiphosphine (dmpm) also forms such complexes as do some related ligands, such as diphenyl-2-pyridylphosphine. The bridging site can be occupied by a variety of ligands, including CO, SO, NO, CH2, hydride, and chloride.

The A-frame complex Pd2Cl2(CO)(dppm)2.
The A-frame sawhorse, the (imperfect) structural metaphor for the A-frame complexes.

Preparation

A frame complexes are often produced by the addition of reagents of the type AX2 to low valent complexes of dppm:

2 M(0) + AX2 + 2 dppm → M2(μ-A)(dppm)2X2

Alternatively the group "A" can be added across a preformed M-M bond, as indicated by the oxidative addition of elemental sulfur:[2]

Pd2(dppm)2Cl2 + S → Pd2(μ-S)(dppm)2Cl2

References
  1. Kubiak, Clifford P.; Eisenberg, Richard (1977). "Binuclear rhodium(I) complexes. Molecular A frames". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 99 (18): 6129–6131. doi:10.1021/ja00460a063.
  2. Tetsuro Murahashi, Hideo Kurosawa "Organopalladium complexes containing palladium/palladium bonds" Coordination Chemistry Reviews 2002, volume 231, pp. 207-228. doi:10.1016/S0010-8545(02)00121-2
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