ANO5

Anoctamin 5 (ANO5) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ANO5 gene.

ANO5
Identifiers
AliasesANO5, GDD1, LGMD2L, TMEM16E, anoctamin 5, LGMDR12
External IDsOMIM: 608662 MGI: 3576659 HomoloGene: 100071 GeneCards: ANO5
Gene location (Human)
Chr.Chromosome 11 (human)[1]
Band11p14.3Start21,799,934 bp[1]
End22,283,357 bp[1]
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

203859

233246

Ensembl

ENSG00000171714

ENSMUSG00000055489

UniProt

Q75V66

Q75UR0

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_001142649
NM_213599

NM_001271879
NM_177694

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001136121
NP_998764

NP_001258808
NP_808362

Location (UCSC)Chr 11: 21.8 – 22.28 MbChr 7: 51.51 – 51.6 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Function

The ANO5 gene provides instructions for making a protein called anoctamin-5. While the specific function of this protein is not well understood, it belongs to a family of proteins, called anoctamins, that act as chloride channels. Chloride channels, which transport negatively charged chlorine atoms (chloride ions) in and out of cells, play a key role in a cell's ability to generate and transmit electrical signals. Most anoctamin proteins function as chloride channels that are turned on (activated) in the presence of positively charged calcium atoms (calcium ions); these channels are known as calcium-activated chloride channels. The mechanism for this calcium activation is unclear. Anoctamin proteins are also involved in maintaining the membrane that surrounds cells and repairing the membrane if damaged.[5]

The anoctamin-5 protein is most abundant in muscles used for movement (skeletal muscles). For the body to move normally, skeletal muscles must tense (contract) and relax in a coordinated way. The regulation of chloride flow within muscle cells plays a role in controlling muscle contraction and relaxation.[5]

The anoctamin-5 protein is also found in other cells including heart (cardiac) muscle cells and bone cells. The anoctamin-5 protein may be important for the development of muscle and bone before birth.[5]

Diseases associated with ANO5 mutations

Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy 2L (LGMD2L) and Miyoshi Distal Myopathy 3 (MMD3) These forms of muscular dystrophy are inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, meaning that to be affected a person must have mutations on both copies of the gene, and males and females are equally likely to be affected. Clinically, LGMD2L and MMD3 were considered different diseases before ANO5 was identified as the responsible gene; LGMD was used to describe initial weakness in proximal muscles (near the center of the body) while MMD to describe initial weakness in distal muscles.

Other names for this gene
  • ANO5_HUMAN
  • anoctamin-5
  • GDD1
  • gnathodiaphyseal dysplasia 1 protein
  • integral membrane protein GDD1
  • LGMD2L
  • TMEM16E
  • transmembrane protein 16E[5]

Chromosal location
  • Cytogenetic location: 11p14.3, which is the short (p) arm of chromosome 11 at position 14.3
  • Molecular location: base pairs 22,192,485 to 22,283,367 on chromosome 11 (Homo sapiens Annotation Release 109, GRCh38.p12) (NCBI)

Credit: Genome Decoration Page/NCBI

References
  1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000171714 - Ensembl, May 2017
  2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000055489 - Ensembl, May 2017
  3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. "ANO5 gene". Genetics Home Reference. US National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 24 July 2018. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.

Further reading
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.