ATPIF1

ATPase inhibitor, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATPIF1 gene.[5][6]

ATP5IF1
Identifiers
Aliases	ATP5IF1, ATPI, ATPIP, IP, ATPase inhibitory factor 1, ATP synthase inhibitory factor subunit 1, ATPIF1
External IDs	OMIM: 614981 MGI: 1196457 HomoloGene: 40581 GeneCards: ATP5IF1
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 1 (human)[1] Band 1p35.3 Start 28,236,109 bp[1] End 28,246,906 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 4 (mouse)[2] Band 4|4 D2.3 Start 132,530,555 bp[2] End 132,533,659 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function • 5-formyltetrahydrofolate cyclo-ligase activity • GO:0048551 enzyme inhibitor activity • protein homodimerization activity • ATPase binding • calmodulin binding • ATPase inhibitor activity • angiostatin binding • enzyme binding • mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase complex binding Cellular component • mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase complex • cell surface • mitochondrion Biological process • regulation of ATP metabolic process • positive regulation of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization involved in apoptotic signaling pathway • negative regulation of ATPase activity • tetrahydrofolate interconversion • positive regulation of proteolysis involved in cellular protein catabolic process • negative regulation of hydrolase activity • generation of precursor metabolites and energy • reactive oxygen species metabolic process • negative regulation of endothelial cell proliferation • heme biosynthetic process • regulation of protein targeting to mitochondrion • angiogenesis • erythrocyte differentiation • mitochondrial depolarization • protein homooligomerization • protein homotetramerization • folic acid-containing compound biosynthetic process • positive regulation of autophagy of mitochondrion in response to mitochondrial depolarization Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	93974	11983
Ensembl	ENSG00000130770 ENSG00000285390	ENSMUSG00000054428
UniProt	Q9UII2	O35143
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_178191 NM_016311 NM_178190	NM_007512
RefSeq (protein)	NP_057395 NP_835497 NP_835498	NP_031538
Location (UCSC)	Chr 1: 28.24 – 28.25 Mb	Chr 4: 132.53 – 132.53 Mb
PubMed search	[3]	[4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

This gene encodes a mitochondrial ATPase inhibitor. Alternative splicing occurs at this locus and three transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified.[6]

It prevents ATPase from switching to ATP hydrolysis during collapse of the electrochemical gradient, for example during oxygen deprivation [7] ATP synthase inhibitor forms a one-to-one complex with the F1 ATPase, possibly by binding at the alpha-beta interface. It is thought to inhibit ATP synthesis by preventing the release of ATP.[8] The inhibitor has two oligomeric states, dimer (the active state) and tetramer. At low pH, the inhibitor forms a dimer via antiparallel coiled coil interactions between the C-terminal regions of two monomers. At high pH, the inhibitor forms tetramers and higher oligomers by coiled coil interactions involving the N terminus and inhibitory region, thus preventing the inhibitory activity.[7]

Model organisms

Atpif1 knockout mouse phenotype

Characteristic	Phenotype
Homozygote viability	Normal
Fertility	Normal
Body weight	Normal
Anxiety	Abnormal[9]
Neurological assessment	Normal
Grip strength	Normal
Hot plate	Normal
Dysmorphology	Normal
Indirect calorimetry	Normal
Glucose tolerance test	Normal
Auditory brainstem response	Normal
DEXA	Normal
Radiography	Normal
Body temperature	Normal
Eye morphology	Normal
Clinical chemistry	Abnormal[10]
Haematology	Normal
Peripheral blood lymphocytes	Normal
Micronucleus test	Normal
Heart weight	Normal
Brain histopathology	Abnormal
Salmonella infection	Normal[11]
Citrobacter infection	Normal[12]
All tests and analysis from[13][14]

Model organisms have been used in the study of ATPIF1 function. A conditional knockout mouse line, called Atpif1^{tm1a(EUCOMM)Wtsi}[15][16] was generated as part of the International Knockout Mouse Consortium program — a high-throughput mutagenesis project to generate and distribute animal models of disease to interested scientists.[17][18][19]

Male and female animals underwent a standardized phenotypic screen to determine the effects of deletion.[13][20] Twenty three tests were carried out on mutant mice and three significant abnormalities were observed.[13] Homozygous mutant animals displayed hyperactivity and brain dysmorphology, while males also had decreased circulating alkaline phosphatase levels.[13]

Mitochondrial ATPase inhibitor, IATP
c-terminal coiled-coil domain from bovine if1
Identifiers
Symbol	IATP
Pfam	PF04568
InterPro	IPR007648
SCOP2	1hf9 / SCOPe / SUPFAM
Available protein structures: Pfam   structures / ECOD   PDB RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj PDBsum structure summary

References

1. ENSG00000285390 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000130770, ENSG00000285390 - Ensembl, May 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000054428 - Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. Ichikawa N, Ushida S, Kawabata M, Masazumi Y (Mar 2000). "Nucleotide sequence of cDNA coding the mitochondrial precursor protein of the ATPase inhibitor from humans". Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 63 (12): 2225–2227. doi:10.1271/bbb.63.2225. PMID 10664857.
6. "Entrez Gene: ATPIF1 ATPase inhibitory factor 1".
7. Cabezon E, Butler PJ, Runswick MJ, Carbajo RJ, Walker JE (November 2002). "Homologous and heterologous inhibitory effects of ATPase inhibitor proteins on F-ATPases" (PDF). J. Biol. Chem. 277 (44): 41334–41. doi:10.1074/jbc.M207169200. PMID 12186878. S2CID 25160113.
8. van Raaij MJ, Orriss GL, Montgomery MG, Runswick MJ, Fearnley IM, Skehel JM, Walker JE (December 1996). "The ATPase inhibitor protein from bovine heart mitochondria: the minimal inhibitory sequence". Biochemistry. 35 (49): 15618–25. doi:10.1021/bi960628f. PMID 8961923.
9. "Anxiety data for Atpif1". Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.
10. "Clinical chemistry data for Atpif1". Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.
11. "Salmonella infection data for Atpif1". Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.
12. "Citrobacter infection data for Atpif1". Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.
13. Gerdin AK (2010). "The Sanger Mouse Genetics Programme: High throughput characterisation of knockout mice". Acta Ophthalmologica. 88: 925–7. doi:10.1111/j.1755-3768.2010.4142.x. S2CID 85911512.
14. Mouse Resources Portal, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.
15. "International Knockout Mouse Consortium".
16. "Mouse Genome Informatics".
17. Skarnes, W. C.; Rosen, B.; West, A. P.; Koutsourakis, M.; Bushell, W.; Iyer, V.; Mujica, A. O.; Thomas, M.; Harrow, J.; Cox, T.; Jackson, D.; Severin, J.; Biggs, P.; Fu, J.; Nefedov, M.; De Jong, P. J.; Stewart, A. F.; Bradley, A. (2011). "A conditional knockout resource for the genome-wide study of mouse gene function". Nature. 474 (7351): 337–342. doi:10.1038/nature10163. PMC 3572410. PMID 21677750.
18. Dolgin E (2011). "Mouse library set to be knockout". Nature. 474 (7351): 262–3. doi:10.1038/474262a. PMID 21677718.
19. Collins FS, Rossant J, Wurst W (2007). "A Mouse for All Reasons". Cell. 128 (1): 9–13. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.12.018. PMID 17218247. S2CID 18872015.
20. van der Weyden L, White JK, Adams DJ, Logan DW (2011). "The mouse genetics toolkit: revealing function and mechanism". Genome Biol. 12 (6): 224. doi:10.1186/gb-2011-12-6-224. PMC 3218837. PMID 21722353.

External links

• Human ATPIF1 genome location and ATPIF1 gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.

Further reading

• Cabezón E, Runswick MJ, Leslie AG, Walker JE (2002). "The structure of bovine IF(1), the regulatory subunit of mitochondrial F-ATPase". EMBO J. 20 (24): 6990–6996. doi:10.1093/emboj/20.24.6990. PMC 125800. PMID 11742976.
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–16903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
• Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, et al. (2004). "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs". Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40–45. doi:10.1038/ng1285. PMID 14702039.
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–2127. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334.
• Burwick NR, Wahl ML, Fang J, et al. (2005). "An Inhibitor of the F1 subunit of ATP synthase (IF1) modulates the activity of angiostatin on the endothelial cell surface". J. Biol. Chem. 280 (3): 1740–1745. doi:10.1074/jbc.M405947200. PMC 1201548. PMID 15528193.
• Andersen JS, Lam YW, Leung AK, et al. (2005). "Nucleolar proteome dynamics". Nature. 433 (7021): 77–83. Bibcode:2005Natur.433...77A. doi:10.1038/nature03207. PMID 15635413. S2CID 4344740.
• Cortés-Hernández P, Domínguez-Ramírez L, Estrada-Bernal A, et al. (2005). "The inhibitor protein of the F1F0-ATP synthase is associated to the external surface of endothelial cells". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 330 (3): 844–849. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.03.064. PMID 15809073.
• Lim J, Hao T, Shaw C, et al. (2006). "A protein-protein interaction network for human inherited ataxias and disorders of Purkinje cell degeneration". Cell. 125 (4): 801–814. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.03.032. PMID 16713569. S2CID 13709685.
• Ma J, Dempsey AA, Stamatiou D, et al. (2007). "Identifying leukocyte gene expression patterns associated with plasma lipid levels in human subjects". Atherosclerosis. 191 (1): 63–72. doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2006.05.032. PMID 16806233.
• Contessi S, Comelli M, Cmet S, et al. (2008). "IF(1) distribution in HepG2 cells in relation to ecto-F(0)F (1)ATPsynthase and calmodulin". J. Bioenerg. Biomembr. 39 (4): 291–300. doi:10.1007/s10863-007-9091-0. PMID 17851741. S2CID 85086145.

This article incorporates text from the public domain Pfam and InterPro: IPR007648