Abéché

Abéché (Arabic: أبشي‎, ʾAbishī) is the fourth largest city in Chad and is the capital of Ouaddaï Region. It has within it the remnants of the ancient capital, including palaces, mosques, and the tombs of former sultans.[2]

Abéché أبشي
Main Road in Abeche
Abéché Location in Chad
Coordinates: 13°49′59″N 20°50′05″E
Country	Chad
Region	Ouaddaï Region
Department	Ouara
Sub-Prefecture	Abéché
Elevation	542 m (1,778 ft)
Population  (2012)[1]
• Total	76,492
Time zone	UTC+1 (Central Africa)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+1 (not observed)

History

The city of Abéché was made capital of the Wadai Sultanate in the 1890s, after the wells at Ouara, the former capital, had dried out. In 1909, French troops invaded the Kingdom and established a garrison in Abéché. France took power, forcing the sultan to renounce his throne. At that time, Abéché was the largest city in Chad with 28,000 people, but major epidemics reduced the population to 6000 in 1919. In 1935, the sultanate was restored by orders of the French government, and Muhammed Ouarada, heir to the throne after his father became king. Once one of the strongholds of the Arabic slave trade route, the city is known today for its markets, mosques, church, square (the Place de l'Indépendance) and for its sultan's palace. Abéché has several schools, a hospital, a university and is one of the major garrisons of the Armee Nationale du Tchad ANT . There is a small airport (IATA: AEH, ICAO: FTTC), Airport ID: AE, operated sunrise to sunset (SR-SS) with flights to N'Djaména.

On 25 November 2006, the city was taken by the Union of Forces for Democracy, a rebel group that seeks to depose president Idriss Déby. Extensive looting took place during the night. On the same day, nearby Biltine was captured by the Rally of Democratic Forces, another rebel group. A day later, both cities were retaken by the Chadian army.[3]

On 30 October 2007, the city came to international attention when 17 French volunteers working for the charity Zoé's Ark were arrested there for alleged child abduction.

Abeche is the centrum for the delivery of humanitarian assistance for approx. 240,000 Darfurian refugees living in 12 camps east of the town, in the border region to Sudan. A number of organizations opened office 2003 and 2004, e.g. UNHCR, the Red Cross, the German GTZ and UNICEF.

Demographics

Demographic evolution:

Year	Population[4]
1988	40,000
1993	54,628
2008	78,191
2012	76,492

Economy

It is surrounded by savanna and is an important cattle raising center.[2] The manufacture of camel-hair blankets is one of the industries of the area.[2]

Transportation

The supply center of Kalait, located on the road between Abéché and Fada.

It has major roads connecting it to the capital N'Djamena, as well as Sarh, and also to neighbouring Sudan.[2] The city is served by Abéché Airport which connects to city to N'Djamena and Faya-Largeau.[5]

Education

The Lycee Franco-Arabe school is located here.[2]

Climate

Abéché is the hottest major city in Chad.[6] It gets 336 days a year above 32 °C (90 °F). Its rainy season is in mid-year, from June to September. The hottest months are from March to June. Köppen-Geiger climate classification system classifies its climate as hot semi-arid climate (BSh). It is one of the hottest cities on earth with average year-round daily high of over 36 degrees Celsius, and an average daily mean of around 29 degrees Celsius.

Climate data for Abéché
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Average high °C (°F)	33.5 (92.3)	35.7 (96.3)	38.2 (100.8)	40.2 (104.4)	40.0 (104.0)	38.4 (101.1)	34.7 (94.5)	32.0 (89.6)	34.0 (93.2)	37.3 (99.1)	35.8 (96.4)	34.0 (93.2)	36.2 (97.2)
Daily mean °C (°F)	24.9 (76.8)	27.6 (81.7)	30.3 (86.5)	32.7 (90.9)	32.8 (91.0)	31.6 (88.9)	28.7 (83.7)	27.0 (80.6)	28.2 (82.8)	29.8 (85.6)	27.9 (82.2)	25.4 (77.7)	28.9 (84.0)
Average low °C (°F)	16.1 (61.0)	18.3 (64.9)	22.1 (71.8)	25.1 (77.2)	25.7 (78.3)	24.8 (76.6)	23.6 (74.5)	22.3 (72.1)	22.3 (72.1)	22.6 (72.7)	20.7 (69.3)	17.8 (64.0)	21.8 (71.2)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.1 (0.00)	3.2 (0.13)	12.1 (0.48)	34.6 (1.36)	98.1 (3.86)	166.2 (6.54)	53.4 (2.10)	5.1 (0.20)	0.1 (0.00)	0.0 (0.0)	372.9 (14.67)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm)	0	0	1	2	4	6	12	14	7	2	1	0	49
Average relative humidity (%)	20	17	16	18	27	41	60	71	61	35	23	23	34
Mean monthly sunshine hours	316.2	291.2	300.7	300.0	313.1	300.0	254.2	226.3	261.0	306.9	312.0	319.3	3,500.9
Mean daily sunshine hours	10.2	10.4	9.7	10.0	10.1	10.0	8.2	7.3	8.7	9.9	10.4	10.3	9.6
Source 1: World Meteorological Organization[7]
Source 2: NOAA (sun and humidity),[8] Climate-Data.org, altitude: 544m (for mean temperatures)[9]

Images

• 
  Aerial view
• 
  The two mosques
• 
  Abéché Airport
• 
  A leather shop in Abéché
• 
  Abéché (1918)
• 
  Abéché Market (1918)
• 
  Tata Fortress (1918)

References

1. "World Gazetteer". Archived from the original on 1 May 2013.
2. Hoiberg, Dale H., ed. (2010). "Abéché". Encyclopædia Britannica. I: A-ak Bayes (15th ed.). Chicago, Illinois: Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. pp. 24. ISBN 978-1-59339-837-8.
3. "Chad denies rebel move on capital". BBC News. 26 November 2006. Archived from the original on 9 September 2013.
4. World Gazetteer: Chad Archived 9 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine
5. "Tchadia Airlines outlines planned network from Oct 2018". routesonline.com. Retrieved 26 September 2018.
6. "Chad Climate Index". Climate Charts. Archived from the original on 18 July 2013. Retrieved 27 October 2013.
7. "World Weather Information Service–Abeche". World Meteorological Organization. Retrieved 24 June 2015.
8. "Abeche Climate Normals 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 24 June 2015.
9. "Climate: Abéché - Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table". Climate-Data.org. Archived from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 27 October 2013.