Adrenergic nervous system

Adrenergic system or Adrenergic nervous system (ANS) is a group of organs and nerves in which adrenaline (epinephrine) and/or noradrenaline (norepinephrine) act as neurotransmitters. ANS is counted as one of the main neurohormonal systems that regulate cardiovascular function, including smooth muscle tone.[1]

Components

The peripheral adrenergic nervous system consists of three main components:[2]

• The sympathetic nervous system (SNS), which comprises the autonomic outflow from the thoracic and high lumbar segments of the spinal cord;
• The parasympathetic nervous system (PNS), which includes the outflow from the cranial nerves and the low lumbar and sacral spinal cord
• The enteric nervous system (ENS), which comprises intrinsic neurons in the wall of the gut.

References

1. Lymperopoulos A, Rengo G, Koch WJ (2013). "Adrenergic nervous system in heart failure: pathophysiology and therapy". Circulation Research. 113 (6): 739–753. doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.113.300308. PMC 3843360. PMID 23989716.
2. Scanzano A, Cosentino M (2015). "Adrenergic regulation of innate immunity: a review". Front. Pharmacol. 6. doi:10.3389/fphar.2015.00171. PMC 4534859. PMID 26321956.