Alba Fucens

Alba Fucens
	Alba Fucens in front of Monte Velino. June 2003.
	Shown within Abruzzo
Location	Massa d'Albe, Province of L'Aquila, Abruzzo, Italy
Region	Abruzzo
Type	Settlement
History
Founded	304 BC
Abandoned	destroyed in 10th century AD
Periods	Roman Republic - Byzantine Empire
Cultures	Ancient Rome
Site notes
Archaeologists	Joseph Mertens
Public access	yes
Website	http://www.albafucens.info/english/home.htm

Alba Fucens was an ancient Italic town occupying a lofty location (1,000 m) at the foot of the Monte Velino, c. 6.5 km north of Avezzano, Abruzzo, central Italy. Its remains are today in the comune of Massa d'Albe.[1]

History

It was originally a town of the Aequi, though on the frontier of the Marsi, but was occupied by a Latin colony (304 BC) owing to its strategic importance.[2] It lay on a hill just to the north of the Via Valeria, which was probably prolonged beyond Tibur at this very period. In the Second Punic War Alba at first remained faithful, but afterwards refused to send contingents and was punished.[3]

After this it became a regular place of detention for important state prisoners, such as Syphax of Numidia, Perseus of Macedonia, Bituitus, king of the Arverni. It was attacked by the allies in the Social War, but remained faithful to Rome;[4] and its strong position rendered it a place of some importance in the civil wars.[3] Its prosperity, in the imperial period, can only be inferred from the number of inscriptions found there. The town was completely destroyed by the Saracens in the 10th century.[5]

Buildings

It is chiefly remarkable for its finely preserved fortifications. The external walls, which have a circuit of about 3 km, are constructed of polygonal masonry; the blocks are carefully jointed, and the faces smoothed. With our present knowledge of such constructions their date cannot certainly be determined. They are not preserved to any very considerable height; but the arrangement of the gates is clearly traceable; as a rule they come at the end of a long, straight stretch of wall, and are placed so as to leave the right side of any attacking force exposed. On the north there is, for a length of about 150 m, a triple line of defences of later date (possibly added by the Roman colonists), inasmuch as both the city wall proper, and the double wall thrown out in front of it are partly constructed of concrete, and faced with finer polygonal masonry (in which horizontal joints seem to be purposely avoided).[3]

View of the forum of Alba Fucens

Amphitheatre of Alba Fucens

A mile to the north of the city a huge mound with a ditch on each side of it (but at a considerable distance from it) may be traced; for a couple of miles. Within the walls there are hardly any buildings of a later date. Excavations have only been made casually, though remains of buildings and of roads can be traced, and also an extensive system of underground passages perhaps connected with the defences of the place. The hill at the western extremity was occupied by a temple of the Tuscan order, into which was built the church of S. Pietro; this contains ancient columns, and some remarkably fine specimens of Cosmatesque work.[3] It is the only monastic church in the Abruzzi in which the nave is separated from the aisles by ancient columns.[6]

The collegiate church of S. Nicola, in the village, contains a remarkable staurotheca of the 11th (?) century, and a wooden triptych in imitation of the Byzantine style with enamels, of the 13th century.[3]

Excavations

In the 20th century the Belgian academy at Rome carried out excavations at the site, under the direction of Joseph Mertens. This project led to a series of publications of the site and its remains.[7]

Bibliography

J. Mertens. 1969. Alba Fucens 2 Rapports et études. Bruxelles: Rome Institut Historique Belge.

External links

Academia Belgica, Archivio Mertens (Alba Fucens)

References

Daniela Liberatore (2004). Alba Fucens: studi di storia e di topografia. Edipuglia srl. pp. 148 ff. ISBN 978-88-7228-423-0.
Liv. 10.1.1.2 http://latin.packhum.org/loc/914/1/0#484
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Ashby, Thomas (1911). "Alba Fucens". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 480. Endnote: A very good description of the site, with plans, is given by C. Promis, L'Antichità di Alba Fucense (Rome, 1836).
The Fragments of the Roman Historians. Oxford University Press. pp. 318–. ISBN 978-0-19-927705-6.
Dana Facaros; Michael Pauls (2003). Central Italy (illustrated ed.). New Holland Publishers. p. 315. ISBN 9781860111129.
Francesco Abbate (1 January 1997). Storia dell'arte nell'Italia meridionale: Dai Longobardi agli Svevi. Donzelli Editore. pp. 159–. ISBN 978-88-7989-351-0.
Joseph Mertens (1969). Alba Fucens. Academia Belgica.

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[Liberatore2004-1] Daniela Liberatore (2004). Alba Fucens: studi di storia e di topografia. Edipuglia srl. pp. 148 ff. ISBN 978-88-7228-423-0.

[2] Liv. 10.1.1.2 http://latin.packhum.org/loc/914/1/0#484

[EB1911-3] One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Ashby, Thomas (1911). "Alba Fucens". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 480. Endnote: A very good description of the site, with plans, is given by C. Promis, L'Antichità di Alba Fucense (Rome, 1836).

[4] The Fragments of the Roman Historians. Oxford University Press. pp. 318–. ISBN 978-0-19-927705-6.

[5] Dana Facaros; Michael Pauls (2003). Central Italy (illustrated ed.). New Holland Publishers. p. 315. ISBN 9781860111129.

[Abbate1997-6] Francesco Abbate (1 January 1997). Storia dell'arte nell'Italia meridionale: Dai Longobardi agli Svevi. Donzelli Editore. pp. 159–. ISBN 978-88-7989-351-0.

[Mertens1969-7] Joseph Mertens (1969). Alba Fucens. Academia Belgica.