Aleksandra Artyukhina
Alexandra Vasilevna Artyukhina (6 November 1889 – 7 April 1969) was an early Russian Bolshevik and revolutionary who rose to sit on the Secretariat of the CPSU Central Committee, but was brought down by Joseph Stalin's purges in the late 1930s.
Aleksandra Artyukhina | |
|---|---|
 Artyukhina in 1917 | |
| Head of the Workers and Peasants Department of the Central Committee | |
| In office 1925–1930 | |
| Preceded by | Klavdiya Nikolayeva |
| Succeeded by | Post abolished |
| Candidate member of the 14th, 15th Secretariat | |
| In office 1 January 1926 – 13 July 1930 | |
| Member of the 14th, 15th Orgburo | |
| In office 1 January 1926 – 13 July 1930 | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 6 November 1889 Vyshny Volochyok, Russian Empire |
| Died | 7 April 1969 (79 years) Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union |
| Political party | RSDLP (Bolsheviks) (1909–1918) Russian Communist Party (1918–1938) |
Life and career
The child of textile workers, Artyukhina was born at Vyshny Volochyok. She became a dressmaker's apprentice at age ten and a mill worker by 17. She joined the Communist labor movement in Russia, and was forced into exile at age 20 - probably in 1909. After three years, she returned to Russia and resumed her work, both in textiles and in union organizing.
She was active during the Revolution and rose through the ranks to sit as an alternate member on the Secretariat of the CPSU Central Committee from 1926 to 1930. She was also the last head of Zhenotdel. On March 1, 1931, international journalists noticed Artukhina as the first woman to sit on the Soviet Supreme Court.
She assumed leadership of the Cotton Textile Workers Union when a Commissar of light industry, Isadore Lubimoff, was removed. A collective farm was named for her.
Her industry fell 11% short of its production goal for the first quarter of 1938. Artukhina and her subordinates were charged with allowing anti-Soviet wreckers to spread their corruption. She was accused of approving the same quotas for different machines, allowing the neglect of machines, and unnecessarily complicated paperwork.
After Stalin's death Artyukhina was rehabilitated. She was named a Hero of Socialist Labor in 1960, to commemorate the 50th anniversary of International Women's Day, and lies buried in the Novodevichy Cemetery.
Honours and awards
- Hero of Socialist Labour (7 March 1960)
- Three Orders of Lenin
References
The information in this article came from New York Times articles dated March 2, 1931 and May 23, 1938. The latter refers to the Soviet workers' newspaper Trud as its source.
Bibliography
- Scheide, Carmen: "'Born in October': The Life and Thought of Aleksandra Vasilevna Artyukhina, 1889−1969", in: Ilic, Melanie: Women in the Stalin Era, Houndmills 2001, pages 9-28.
