Alexander Hood, 5th Duke of Bronté

Sir Alexander Nelson Hood, 5th Duke of Bronté KCVO (28 June 1854 – 1 June 1937) of Castello di Maniace, Bronte and La Falconara (now "Villa Nelson"),[2] Taormina, both in Sicily, and of 13 Pelham Crescent, South Kensington, London, was a British courtier and Sicilian nobleman. "Discreetly homosexual"[3] and described by his Sicilian biographer as "intelligent and refined",[4] he was well-respected and liked by the Brontese, and spent six months of each year resident at Maniace until his old age.[5] He was, like many contemporaries in his pre-World War II aristocratic circle, a "great admirer of Mussolini and the Fascist regime".[6]

"The Princess's Private Secretary", caricature of Sir Alexander Nelson Hood, 5th Duke of Bronté by "Spy", Vanity Fair magazine, 1905
Arms of Hood, Viscount Bridport: Azure, a fret argent on a chief or three crescents sable[1]

Origins

He was the 4th son of Alexander Hood, 1st Viscount Bridport by his wife Lady Mary Penelope Hill, a daughter of Arthur Hill, 3rd Marquess of Downshire.[7]

Duchy of Bronte

Whilst Alexander's eldest brother Arthur Hood, 2nd Viscount Bridport succeeded their father by law as Viscount Bridport, a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom, the Duchy of Bronté, an ancient title in the Peerage of the (defunct) Kingdom of Sicily and Naples, was bequeathed to him by their father and thus he became the 5th Duke of Bronté. This was possible because of a special remainder in the letters patent granting the duchy (issued in 1799 by King King Ferdinand III of Sicily), which allowed the holder to choose as successor whomsoever he wished.

The Dukedom of Bronte with its vast estate (about 15,000 hectares and feudal rights over the City of Bronte, population about 9,000[8]) had been granted in 1799 to Admiral Horatio Nelson by King King Ferdinand III of Sicily, for services rendered in saving his kingdom from Revolutionary French invasion. The Duchy had been inherited by the Hood family by the marriage of Alexander's grandparents Samuel Hood, 2nd Baron Bridport (1788-1868) and Lady Charlotte Mary Nelson (d.1873), suo jure 3rd Duchess of Bronte, niece and eventual heiress of Admiral Nelson.

In his book The Duchy of Bronte (1924) he speaks of his father's great generosity in entrusting him with his Sicilian estate, and his constant reply when asked for advice: "I leave it to you, I know you'll do your best".[9] He first visited Bronte in Autumn 1868, aged 14, with his father, mother and sister Adelaide, only the third time Bronte had been visited by a family member since the creation of the Duchy (Admiral Nelson never set foot in it). He stayed his only night in the Palazzo Ducale,[10] the family's townhouse in the town of Bronte, before moving on 5 1/2 miles north, accompanied by a long mule train (roads being non-existent), to the Castello di Maniace[11] (or Castello Bronte / Castello dei Nelson), the seat of the duchy. His first impressions were "extremely favourable", and he was sad at the prospect of returning to England at the end of the four week visit. In 1873, aged 19, he was sent to Maniace (with Jane Thomson, the governess of his brother and sister, who stayed for 20 years) by his father to take full control of the estate, where during his father's lifetime he was known as the Duchino ("little duke").[12] He was the first resident Duke and made great improvements to the estate.

La Falconara, Taormina
La Falconara, Taormina, built c. 1908-11 by the 5th Duke, where he entertained the British royal family in April 1925

in 1867 his grandmother the 3rd Duchess of Bronte had purchased land at Taormina, on the coast 40 miles east of Maniace, in the Contrada Sant Leo.[13] In 1903 he purchased additional land in Taormina, on which he built a large villa called "La Falconara" (aliter "Villa Nelson"), still under construction at the time of the 1908 Messina earthquake.[14][15] The entrepreneur Maricchiolo laid the first stone.[16][17] Situated at 99 Via Luigi Pirandello, on the steep hillside 400 yards below (south of) the Teatro Greco, it comprises 20 rooms, including 8 bedrooms, 10 bathrooms and 50,000 square metres (c. 12 acres) of gardens and greenery. With his close friend and frequent guest the writer Robert Hichens he helped to further establish Taormina (like Capri) as a "holiday resort for wealthy homosexuals from Northern Europe".[18] That reputation had been initiated by the German photographer Wilhelm von Gloeden (1856-1931), who first visited Taormina in the 1870s, where he subsequently lived and died, together with other British expatriots such as the artist Robert Hawthorn Kitson (1873-1947)[19] and Colonel Thomas Shaw-Hellier (1836–1910).

In April 1925 the 5th Duke entertained the British royal family at La Falconara, as is memorialised by a white marble tablet on a garden wall inscribed: "Their Majesties King George V and Queen Mary with TRH Prince George and Princess Victoria honoured this house and garden with a visit on 4th April 1925".[20] An adjoining tablet records the visit 50 years later by Princess Margaret, in August 1975.[21] The villa was sold by his descendants on April 27 1948 to Gaetano Marzotto, Count Marzotto (d.1972),[22][23][24] of Valdagno near Venice,[25] one of Italy's leading textile manufacturers (see Marzotto Group)[26] and wine-makers,[27] founder of the Jolly Hotels chain and father of the racing driver Gianni Marzotto. Its name was then changed to Villa Marzotto,[28] until its sale in 1973. It was offered for sale in 2020 for 15 million Euros, fully furnished with antique contents which by law must be kept intact.

Erects monuments
Celtic cross monument to Admiral Lord Nelson, Castello di Maniace, Bronte, with duchy contadini (peasant farmers). Erected in 1891,[29] photo published 1903

Celtic cross

In the inner courtyard at Castello di Maniace he erected in 1891[30] a large Ionian or Celtic cross, made to his own design of local black lava from Mount Etna and sculpted locally, in memory of Admiral Lord Nelson and inscribed on the base Heroi Immortali Nili ("To the immortal hero of the Nile"), the Battle of the Nile having particular significance in the saving of the Kingdom of Sicily and Naples from Napoleonic conquest. This resulted from a complaint by his aunt Jane Sarah Hood (Lady Hotham) when visiting with his father in 1888, that no monument existed, to which the Duke replied in jest that Wren's epitaph in St Paul's Cathedral states Si monumentum requiris circumspice[31] ("if you seek his monument look around you"). Lady Hotham promptly sent him the requisite funds, with which he erected the monument. He erected another Celtic cross in the ducal cemetery at Maniace, on the grave of his close friend and frequent visitor the "Celtic" poet William Sharp (d.1905), who died at Maniace, author of Through Nelson's Duchy (1903).[32]

Obelisk

In 1905 in memory of his late father he erected a 40 foot high stone obelisk on Serra Mergo, at about 5,000 feet above sea level, the highest point of Serra Spina in the Nebrodi Mountains. Known locally as the Obelisco di Nelson (sic), it is situated 7.26 km due north of Castello di Maniace, close to the northern edge of the estate.[33] It is today in a poor state of repair and verging on dilapidation. On the base is a white marble stone tablet he inscribed in Latin as follows (today much worn away by weather):[34]

Memoriae perenni Alexandri Nelson IV. Dux Brontis, Vìcecomitis Bridport, qui in haec amoena rura quae emerito hoereditate acceperuit praeclaro parente Heroe Immortali Nili humanitatis et progressus cultum invexit. Natus fuit 23 Dicembris, 1814. Obit 4 Junii, 1904. Filius amore impulsus hoc signum posuit 1905 ("To the ever-lasting memory of Alexander Nelson, 4th Duke of Bronte, Viscount Bridport, who into this delightful countryside, which he had received by meritorious inheritance from his illustrious ancestor the Immortal Hero of the Nile, brought a reverence of humanity and progress. He was born on 23 December 1814, he died on 4 June 1904. His son, moved by love, erected this sign in 1905").

Career in England

He served as Controller of the Household and Equerry to Princess Mary Adelaide of Cambridge between 1892 and 1897 and was an Extra Gentleman Usher of the Privy Chambers to Queen Victoria from 1892 to 1901.[7] He was Private Secretary to Mary of Teck as Princess of Wales from 1901 to 1910, and was then her Treasurer as Queen between 1910 and 1919. He was invested as a Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order.[35]

Death & burial

He died unmarried on 1 June 1937 at La Falconara in Taormina, Sicily,[7] aged 82[36] and was initially buried in the garden of the villa, next to his sister Rosa Penelope Hood (1852-1922). Prior to the sale of the villa in 1948, both bodies were removed and reburied together in a single grave (with gravestone and monumental cross inscribed "Peace" also brought from Taormina) in the private Hood Cemetery at Maniace, in 2020 the last remaining possession of the Hood family in Sicily.

Succession

On his death the heir to the duchy became his great-nephew Rowland Arthur Herbert Nelson Hood, 6th Duke of Bronté, 3rd Viscount Bridport (1911–1969), son of Lt. Hon. Maurice Hood (d.1915), killed in action, who predeceased his father Arthur Wellington Alexander Nelson Hood, 2nd Viscount Bridport (1839–1924). He made Maniace his principal residence.[37]

Literary works
  • Alexander Nelson Hood, Duke of Bronte, Tales of Old Sicily, 1906;
  • Bronte, Alexander Nelson Hood, 5th Duke of, The Duchy of Bronte: a memorandum written for his family in 1924
  • Alexander Nelson Hood, Duke of Bronte, Sicilian Studies, 1915

References
  1. Montague-Smith, P.W. (ed.), Debrett's Peerage, Baronetage, Knightage and Companionage, Kelly's Directories Ltd, Kingston-upon-Thames, 1968 , p.174 (Viscount Bridport)
  2. http://www.bronteinsieme.it/2st/Rassegna/nelson_messina1.htm#Faconara
  3. Under the Volcano: Revolution in a Sicilian Town, By Lucy Riall, p.169
  4. http://www.bronteinsieme.it/BrIns_en/1mo_en/ducea_1_en.html
  5. Under the Volcano: Revolution in a Sicilian Town, By Lucy Riall, p.169
  6. Under the Volcano: Revolution in a Sicilian Town, By Lucy Riall, p.169
  7. "Sir Alex. Hood dies". The Montreal Gazette. 3 June 1937. Retrieved 19 January 2020.
  8. http://www.bronteinsieme.it/2st/Bridport/nelson_ducea6.htm
  9. http://www.bronteinsieme.it/2st/Bridport/nelson_ducea1.htm
  10. http://www.bronteinsieme.it/2st/Bridport/nelson_ducea5.htm
  11. Montague-Smith, P.W. (ed.), Debrett's Peerage, Baronetage, Knightage and Companionage, Kelly's Directories Ltd, Kingston-upon-Thames, 1968 , p.174 (Viscount Bridport)
  12. http://www.bronteinsieme.it/2st/Bridport/nelson_ducea1.htm
  13. Lady Charlotte si trovò a visitare Taormina ma le preferiva Maniace essendo rimasta sconcertata dalla situazione locale; tuttavia intorno al 1867 la famiglia acquistò un terreno a Taormina, in Contrada S. Leo. Nel 1873 il figlio di Charlotte, il visconte Bridport, affidò le sue terre al figlio Alec Nelson Hood che nel 1904 diventò il quinto duca di Bronte ed avendo ereditato anche il terreno di Taormina, il 15 aprile 1911 iniziò a costruire la Villa della Falconara.
  14. Il Duca stesso vi aveva acquistato un terreno nel 1903, sul quale aveva dato inizio alla costruzione de “La Falconara”, la villa da lui stesso progettata, i cui lavori nel 1908 erano ancora in corso; many modern sources (estate agents) state (seemingly erroneously) that it was built by Admiral Horatio Nelson in 1780
  15. Building of La Falconara by 5th Duke confirmed in Under the Volcano: Revolution in a Sicilian Town By Lucy Riall, p.169
  16. http://sicilianflavors.blogspot.com/p/postcards-cartoline.html
  17. For records of the building works at La Falconara see Archives of the Nelson & Hood families, State Archives, in Palermo
  18. Under the Volcano: Revolution in a Sicilian Town By Lucy Riall, p.169
  19. http://sicilianflavors.blogspot.com/p/postcards-cartoline.html
  20. See photos in Lucy Riall, Under the Volcano: Revolution in a Sicilian Town, Oxford, 2013 of the "5th Duke with King George V on the Loggia at Villa La Falconara 1925" (p.168, fig.15) and "5th Duke with Queen Mary, after her landing at Palermo on 7/4/1925, accompanied by Lady Jane Verney (1877-1951), wife of the courtier Sir Harry Lloyd Verney. (p.167, figure 14)
  21. http://www.worldrealestate.it/en/luxury-properties/italy/sicily/taormina/for-sale-historic-sicilian-villa-nelson-la-falconara video at 4:41
  22. http://www.bronteinsieme.it/BrIns_en/1mo_en/ducea_1_en.html
  23. https://italychronicles.com/the-admirable-admirals-villa-in-taormina/
  24. See youtube video, virtual tour
  25. Obituary, Gaetano Marzotto, Count Marzotto
  26. https://wwd.com/business-news/human-resources/giannino-marzotto-dies-at-84-6082421/
  27. https://daily.sevenfifty.com/the-wine-legacy-of-the-marzotto-family/
  28. As printed on picture postcards sent by the Count and his guests
  29. http://www.bronteinsieme.it/2st/Ducea/castello_nelson_4.htm
  30. http://www.bronteinsieme.it/2st/Ducea/castello_nelson_4.htm
  31. http://www.bronteinsieme.it/2st/Bridport/nelson_ducea2.htm
  32. Through Nelson's Duchy, Pall Mall Magazine, June 1903, pp.225-36 & in Selected Writings of William Sharp, Vol. IV, Travel Sketches
  33. See youtube video Nebrodi - Obelisco Di Nelson of a bike ride up to the Obelisk
  34. http://www.bronteinsieme.it/2st/Bridport/nelson_ducea6.htm
  35. Cracroft's Peerage: The Complete Guide to the British Peerage & Baronetage http://www.cracroftspeerage.co.uk/online/content/bridport1868.htm (Accessed 24 April 2015)
  36. http://www.thepeerage.com/p15220.htm#i152196
  37. Address given as "Castello di Maniace, Sicily" in Montague-Smith, P.W. (ed.), Debrett's Peerage, Baronetage, Knightage and Companionage, Kelly's Directories Ltd, Kingston-upon-Thames, 1968, p.174
Titles of nobility
Preceded by
Alexander Hood		 Duke of Bronté
Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
1904–1936		 Succeeded by
Rowland Hood
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