American Association of Endocrine Surgeons

The American Association of Endocrine Surgeons (AAES) is a professional organization dedicated to the advancement of the science and art of endocrine surgery. Active members are board-certified surgeons who have clinical expertise and research interests related to the thyroid, parathyroid, adrenals, and neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas and gastrointestinal tract.[1] The organization partakes in patient care, education, and scientific investigations in the field of endocrine surgery, including training endocrine surgeons and developing practice guidelines.[2] The official scientific journal of the AAES is Surgery, published by Elsevier.[3]

Background, mission, and annual meeting

Deriving inspiration from the formation of the International Association of Endocrine Surgeons (IAES), the AAES was created in 1979 by Orlo Clark, Tony Edis, Edward Kaplan, Jack Monchik, and Norman Thompson during the San Francisco Congress of International Society of Surgeons.[4][5] The goal of the organization was to enhance education, clinical care, and research in endocrine surgery and recruit membership from surgeons who had made significant contributions to the field.  On May 5–6, 1980, the first meeting of the AAES was held in Ann Arbor, Michigan, and subsequent meetings have been held every year in the spring.[5]  Today, the meeting program consists of competitive oral/poster presentations, invited lectureships (including the Orlo and Carol Clark Distinguished Lecturer in Endocrine Surgery), interesting case presentations, workshops, awarding grants, and electing leadership.[6] As an organization, the AAES has expanded its membership and programs to include postgraduate courses, research awards, quality and outcomes tracking, and comprehensive endocrine surgery fellowships.[7]

Membership and leadership

Currently, the organization has more than 600 members practicing in over 40 states and 30 countries.[8]  Membership requirements include certification by the American Board of Surgery (or its equivalent in Canada, Central America, Mexico, and South America), initiation as a Fellow of the American College of Surgeons (or an international equivalent), and participation in clinical and educational activities related to endocrine surgery.[9]  There are also membership categories for international surgeons and allied specialists dedicated to endocrine surgery.[9]

Noteworthy accomplishments and contributions

Since its founding, the AAES has acknowledged and promoted endocrine surgeon-scientists through awards and grants. These include the Oliver Cope Meritorious Achievement Award (first awarded to Oliver Cope in 1985), the Paul LoGerfo Research Award (first awarded to Rebecca Sippel in 2010), and the ThyCa Award for Thyroid Cancer Research (first awarded to Melissa Wilson in 2017).[10][11]  In partnership with the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, the AAES released clinical practice guidelines for thyroid cancer in 2001, a position statement for the management of primary hyperparathyroidism in 2005, and management guidelines for adrenal incidentalomas in 2009.[12][13]  Prominent members of the organization are responsible for creating the first comprehensive endocrine surgery fellowships in North America, considered the driving force for training contemporary endocrine surgeons (see "Fellowships" below).[14][15][16] In 2006, the first endocrine surgery fellowship match was sponsored by the AAES, which maintains governance over their curriculum and accreditation.[17]  In 2010, Janice Pasieka led the construction of the first endocrine surgery patient education website.[18]  That same year, Dr, Martha Zeiger established the first Endocrine Surgery University, an annual postgraduate course in routine and complex cases in endocrine surgery.[19]  In 2012, William Inabnet III developed the Collaborative Endocrine Surgery Quality Improvement Program (CESQIP), the first multi-institutional database devoted to quality improvement and outcomes in endocrine surgery.[20]  Under the direction of Sally Carty, the AAES published the first practice guidelines for parathyroidectomy in 2016.[21]  The first guidelines for thyroidectomy are in preparation, also overseen by Carty along with Christopher McHenry.[22] In academic practices, AAES members contribute significantly to the clinical and scholarly productivity of departments of surgery.[23][24]  In community practices, recognition of endocrine surgery is growing and the AAES established the Community-Based Surgeons Committee in 2014 to represent this population of the membership.[25]  In general , the AAES has been acknowledged for the proportion of women surgeons represented in membership and as leaders.[15][16] In 2000, the AAES elected its first female president (Barbara Kinder), an accomplishment that preceded the American College of Surgeons, Society of Surgical Oncology, and American Head and Neck Society.[16][26] Approximately half of endocrine surgery fellowship graduates are women and, currently, more than 35% of active members are women.[27][28]

Endocrine surgery fellowships

The AAES membership and leadership are responsible for the development and governance of all comprehensive endocrine surgery fellowships in North America.[29]  Many early members of the AAES had gained additional exposure and experience with endocrine surgery via apprenticeships, international fellowships, or surgical oncology fellowships.[15]  Recognizing the importance of advanced post-graduate training in endocrine surgery, prominent members created domestic fellowships, most notably, Norman Thompson at the University of Michigan in 1984.[30]  The AAES defined a fellowship curriculum in 2004 and sponsored the first match in 2006, supervised by Allan Siperstein.[17][31] In 2013, a regular accreditation process was established to ensure that all fellowship programs provide robust case volume, complexity, and diversity.[17]  As of 2019, there are twenty-three AAES fellowship training programs in comprehensive endocrine surgery.[29]  Many fellowship graduates perform a high-volume of endocrine operations early in their careers, and more than 95% experience high job satisfaction.[27][32][33]  In recent years, endocrine surgery fellowship graduates have joined both academic and community practices equally, increasing patient-access to specialized care and signifying a growing recognition of the specialty.[27]

References
  1. "The American Association of Endocrine Surgeons". www.endocrinesurgery.org. Retrieved 2018-12-10.
  2. "About the AAES". www.endocrinesurgery.org. Retrieved 2018-12-10.
  3. Surgery - Official journal of the Society of University Surgeons, Central Surgical Association, and the American Association of Endocrine Surgeons".
  4. "International Association of Endocrine Surgeons". Retrieved 2018-12-10.
  5. Thompson, Norman (2013). "The founding of the American Association of Endocrine Surgeons: The time was right." from The Supreme Triumph of the Surgeon's Art: Narrative History of Endocrine Surgery. University of California Medical Humanities Press. pp. 158–65.
  6. "Annual Program". www.endocrinesurgery.org. Retrieved 2018-12-10.
  7. Carty, Sally (2014). "2014 American Association of Endocrine Surgeons presidential address: evolution". Surgery. 156 (6): 1289–96. doi:10.1016/j.surg.2014.08.072. PMID 25456898.
  8. "American Association of Endocrine Surgeons Annual Meeting 2018 Program Book" (PDF). www.endocrinesurgery.org. Retrieved 2018-12-10.
  9. "Membership Types and General Requirements". www.endocrinesurgery.org. Retrieved 2018-12-10.
  10. "Past AAES Meetings: Award History". www.endocrinesurgery.org. Retrieved 2018-12-10.
  11. "AAES Foundation". www.aaesfoundation.org/.
  12. "AACE/ACE Clinical Practice Guidelines". American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists. 2011-11-30. Retrieved 2018-12-10.
  13. "The American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and the American Association of Endocrine Surgeons position statement on the diagnosis and management of primary hyperparathyroidism" (PDF). www.aace.com. Retrieved 2018-12-10.
  14. Prinz, R (1996). "Endocrine surgical training--some ABC measures". Surgery. 120 (6): 905–12. doi:10.1016/s0039-6060(96)80032-8. PMID 8957472.
  15. Pasieka, JL (2005). "Kindred spirits of the endocrines: the training of the future endocrine surgeons". Journal of Surgical Oncology. 89 (3): 202–5. doi:10.1002/jso.20176. PMID 15719380.
  16. Krishnamurthy, VD; et al. (2016). "Mapping endocrine surgery: workforce analysis from the last six decades". Surgery. 159 (1): 102–10. doi:10.1016/j.surg.2015.08.024. PMID 26456130.
  17. "Comprehensive Endocrine Surgery Fellowships Curriculum". www.endocrinesurgery.org. Retrieved 2018-12-10.
  18. "The American Association of Endocrine Surgeons' Patient Education Site". www.endocrinediseases.org/. Archived from the original on 2018-12-19. Retrieved 2018-12-10.
  19. "AAES Winter 2010 Newsletter" (PDF). www.endocrinesurgery.org. Retrieved 2018-12-10.
  20. "The Collaborative Endocrine Surgery Quality Improvement Program (CESQIP)". www.cesqip.org/.
  21. Wilhelm, SM; et al. (2016). "The American Association of Endocrine Surgeons Guidelines for Definitive Management of Primary Hyperparathyroidism". JAMA Surgery. 151 (10): 959–68. doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2016.2310. PMID 27532368.
  22. "AAES Summer 2018 Newsletter" (PDF). www.endocrinesurgery.org. Retrieved 2018-12-10.
  23. Kuo, JH; et al. (2014). "Endocrine surgery in present-day academia". Surgery. 156(5) (6): 1461–79. doi:10.1016/j.surg.2014.08.025. PMID 25456933.
  24. Garner, EF; et al. (2018). "How academically productive are endocrine surgeons in the United States?". Journal of Surgical Research. 229: 122–6. doi:10.1016/j.jss.2018.03.066. PMID 29936978.
  25. "AAES Winter 2014 Newsletter". www.endocrinesurgery.org. Retrieved 2018-12-10.
  26. "Past Presidents of the American Association of Endocrine Surgeons". www.endocrinesurgery.org. Retrieved 2018-12-10.
  27. Krishnamurthy, VD; et al. (2017). "Endocrine surgery fellowship graduates past, present, and future: eight years of early job market experiences and what program directors and trainees can expect". Surgery. 161 (1): 289–96. doi:10.1016/j.surg.2016.06.069. PMID 27866719.
  28. Kuo, LE; et al. (2019). "Diversity and inclusion in a surgical society: A longitudinal investigation". Surgery. 165 (4): 808–813. doi:10.1016/j.surg.2018.10.027. PMID 30509749.
  29. "Comprehensive Endocrine Surgery Fellowship". www.endocrinesurgery.org. Retrieved 2018-12-10.
  30. "The University of Michigan Norman W. Thompson Fellowship in Comprehensive Endocrine Surgery". medicine.umich.edu. Retrieved 2018-12-10.
  31. "AAES Winter 2007 Newsletter" (PDF). www.endocrinesurgery.org. Retrieved 2018-12-10.
  32. Solorzano, CC; et al. (2010). "Endocrine surgery: Where are we today? A national survey of young endocrine surgeons". Surgery. 147 (4): 536–41. doi:10.1016/j.surg.2009.10.041. PMID 19939426.
  33. Shin, JJ; et al. (2013). "The endocrine surgery job market: a survey of fellows, department chairs, and surgery recruiters". Journal of Surgical Education. 70 (3): 377–83. doi:10.1016/j.jsurg.2012.12.007. PMID 23618449.
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