Ammonia fungi

Ammonia fungi are fungi that develop fruit bodies exclusively or relatively abundantly on soil that has had ammonia or other nitrogen-containing materials added. The nitrogen materials react as bases by themselves, or after decomposition.[1] The addition of ammonia or urea causes numerous chemical and biological changes, for examples, the pH of soil litter is increased to 8–10; the high alkaline conditions interrupts the process of nutrient recycling.[2] The mechanisms of colonization, establishment, and occurrence of fruiting bodies of ammonia fungi has been researched in the field and the laboratory.[3][4]

Species

Ascobolus denudatus
Calocybe leucocephala
Coprinopsis cinerea
Coprinopsis echinospora
Coprinopsis neolagopus
Coprinopsis neophlyctidospora[5]
Coprinopsis phlyctidospora
Coprinopsis stercorea
Crucispora rhombisperma
Hebeloma luchuense[6]
Hebeloma radicosoides[7]
Hebeloma radicosum
Hebeloma spoliatum
Hebeloma vinosophyllum
Laccaria amethystina[8]
Laccaria bicolor[9]
Sagaranella tylicolor

References

Sagara N. (1975). "Ammonia fungi – a chemoecological grouping of terrestrial fungi". Contributions of the Biology Lab of Kyoto. 24: 205–76.
Soponsathien S. (1998). "Some characteristics of ammonia fungi 1. In relation to their ligninolytic enzyme activities". The Journal of General and Applied Microbiology. 44 (5): 337–345. doi:10.2323/jgam.44.337. PMID 12501413. Retrieved 2009-04-19.
Suzuki A. (2006). "Experimental and physiological ecology of ammonia fungi: studies using natural substances and artificial media". Mycoscience. 47: 3–17. doi:10.1007/s10267-005-0270-8.
Sagara N, Yamanaka K, Tibbett M, Carter DJ, Tibbett M (2008). "Soil fungi associated with graves and latrines: toward a forensic mycology". Soil Analysis in Forensic Taphonomy: Chemical and Biological Effects of Buried Human Remains. Boca Raton: CRC. pp. 67–107. ISBN 978-1-4200-6991-4.
Raut JK, Suzuki A, Fukiharu T, Shimizu K, Kawamoto S, Tanaka C (2011). "Coprinopsis neophlyctidospora sp. nov., a new ammonia fungus from boreal forests in Canada". Mycotaxon. 115: 227–38. doi:10.5248/115.227.
Fukiharu T, Hongo T (1995). "Ammonia fungi of Iriomote Island in the southern Ryukyus, Japan and a new ammonia fungus, Hebeloma luchuense". Mycoscience. 36 (4): 425–30. doi:10.1007/BF02268627.
Sagara N, Hongo T, Murakami Y, Hashimoto T, Nagamasu H, Fukiharu T, Asakawa Y (2000). "Hebeloma radicosoides sp. nov., an agaric belonging to the chemoecological group ammonia fungi". Mycological Research. 104 (8): 1017–24. doi:10.1017/S0953756299002439.
Imamura A. (2001). "Report on Laccaria amethystina, newly confirmed as an ammonia fungus". Mycoscience. 42 (6): 623–25. doi:10.1007/BF02460961.
Mueller GM. (1992). Systematics of Laccaria (Agaricales) in the Continental United States and Canada, with discussions on extralimital taxa and descriptions of extant types. Chicago, Illinois: Field Museum of Natural History.

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[1] Sagara N. (1975). "Ammonia fungi – a chemoecological grouping of terrestrial fungi". Contributions of the Biology Lab of Kyoto. 24: 205–76.

[pmid12501413-2] Soponsathien S. (1998). "Some characteristics of ammonia fungi 1. In relation to their ligninolytic enzyme activities". The Journal of General and Applied Microbiology. 44 (5): 337–345. doi:10.2323/jgam.44.337. PMID 12501413. Retrieved 2009-04-19.

[3] Suzuki A. (2006). "Experimental and physiological ecology of ammonia fungi: studies using natural substances and artificial media". Mycoscience. 47: 3–17. doi:10.1007/s10267-005-0270-8.

[isbn1-4200-6991-8-4] Sagara N, Yamanaka K, Tibbett M, Carter DJ, Tibbett M (2008). "Soil fungi associated with graves and latrines: toward a forensic mycology". Soil Analysis in Forensic Taphonomy: Chemical and Biological Effects of Buried Human Remains. Boca Raton: CRC. pp. 67–107. ISBN 978-1-4200-6991-4.

[Raut_2011-5] Raut JK, Suzuki A, Fukiharu T, Shimizu K, Kawamoto S, Tanaka C (2011). "Coprinopsis neophlyctidospora sp. nov., a new ammonia fungus from boreal forests in Canada". Mycotaxon. 115: 227–38. doi:10.5248/115.227.

[6] Fukiharu T, Hongo T (1995). "Ammonia fungi of Iriomote Island in the southern Ryukyus, Japan and a new ammonia fungus, Hebeloma luchuense". Mycoscience. 36 (4): 425–30. doi:10.1007/BF02268627.

[Sagara_2000-7] Sagara N, Hongo T, Murakami Y, Hashimoto T, Nagamasu H, Fukiharu T, Asakawa Y (2000). "Hebeloma radicosoides sp. nov., an agaric belonging to the chemoecological group ammonia fungi". Mycological Research. 104 (8): 1017–24. doi:10.1017/S0953756299002439.

[8] Imamura A. (2001). "Report on Laccaria amethystina, newly confirmed as an ammonia fungus". Mycoscience. 42 (6): 623–25. doi:10.1007/BF02460961.

[Mueller1992-9] Mueller GM. (1992). Systematics of Laccaria (Agaricales) in the Continental United States and Canada, with discussions on extralimital taxa and descriptions of extant types. Chicago, Illinois: Field Museum of Natural History.