Andrew Watt Kay

Sir Andrew Watt Kay (14 August 1914 – 1 February 2011) FRSE, FRCPSG, FRCSEd was a Scottish academic surgeon who was Regius Professor of Surgery at the University of Glasgow from 1964 to 1981. He developed the augmented histamine test, which bore his name, and was widely used in the investigation and treatment of peptic ulcer disease. He was knighted for services to surgery. From 1972 to 1974 he served as president of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow.

Sir Andrew Watt Kay FRSE, FRCPSG FRCSEd
Born	14 August 1914 Ayr, Scotland
Died	1 February 2011 (aged 96) Paisley, Scotland
Education	Ayr Academy
Alma mater	University of Glasgow
Occupation	Professor
Known for	Kay's augmented histamine test
Spouse(s)	Janet Roxburgh ​ ​ (m. 1943; died 1990)​ Phyllis Gilles ​ ​ (m. 1992; his death 2011)​

Early life

Andrew Watt Kay was born on 14 August 1914 in Newton-On-Ayr, Scotland. Both his parents were pharmacists in Ayr. He was educated at Ayr Academy, and was dux of the school, going on to study medicine at the University of Glasgow where he graduated MB ChB with honours in 1939.[1] He was awarded the Brunton Memorial Prize as the most distinguished graduate in medicine for that year.[2]

Early career

He worked as house surgeon at the Western Infirmary, Glasgow under A. J. Hutton.[1] From 1942 he worked as assistant to the Regius Professor of Surgery, Professor Sir Charles Illingworth. As a result of research carried out in Illingworth's department he went on in 1944 to gain the degree of MD for which he was awarded the Bellahouston Gold Medal. In 1949 he was awarded a second higher degree ChM (Master of Surgery).[2] He undertook military service in 1946 in the Royal Army Medical Corps (RAMC). He was given charge of the RAMC's surgical department at Queen Alexandra Military Hospital, Millbank, London.[3]

Research into gastric acid

After the war Kay returned to a surgical post at the Western Infirmary, and began research into the cause of peptic ulcer disease which was a major clinical problem in Western societies.[1][4] He studied the secretion of gastric acid, thought at that time to be the most important factor in the development of duodenal ulcers.[5] Kay used increasing doses of histamine to stimulate acid production and found that acid production was higher in patients with duodenal ulcer than in healthy controls.[6] This test became known as Kay's augmented histamine test.[7][8] It became widely used in the investigation and management of peptic ulcers.[8] His paper describing this test, Effect of Large Doses of Histamine on Gastric Secretion of HCl, became the single most cited paper in the British Medical Journal between 1945 and 1989.[1] Before the test each subject was given an antihistamine which blocked all of the effects of histamine apart from its effect on gastric acid secretion. This observation formed the basis for the work of Sir James Black in developing drugs which selectively blocked the effect of histamine in stimulating gastric acid production. These became known as H2 receptor antagonists.[9]

Later career

He became consultant surgeon in charge of wards at the Western Infirmary in 1956 and two years later was appointed to the chair of surgery at the University of Sheffield. Kay left his post in 1964 to become the Regius Professor of Surgery at the University of Glasgow.[3] He remained in this post until he retired in 1981.[2]

His Textbook of Surgical Physiology, written jointly with R. A. Jamieson, was first published in 1958 and ran to four editions, the last published in 1988.[10]

Honours and awards

In 1971 he was elected a fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.[11] He was president of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow from 1972 to 1974. In 1973 he was knighted for his services to surgery. From 1973 to 1981, he served part-time as chief scientist at the Scottish Home and Health Department.[2][3]

Family and later life

He married Janetta Roxburgh in 1943. They had four children. After her death in 1990, he married Phyllis Gilles in 1992. Kay died in Paisley in 2011.[2]

References

1. "Obituary: Professor Sir Andrew Kay, MB ChB, FRCS, surgeon and Regius Professor of Surgery at Glasgow University, 1964-81". The Scotsman. Retrieved 22 November 2019.
2. "University of Glasgow :: Story :: Biography of Sir Andrew Kay". University of Glasgow. Retrieved 22 November 2019.
3. Laing, Andrew (8 February 2011). "Sir Andrew Watt Kay". The Herald. Retrieved 26 November 2019.
4. Kurata, J. H.; Haile, B. M. (1984). "Epidemiology of peptic ulcer disease". Clinics in Gastroenterology. 13 (2): 289–307. ISSN 0300-5089. PMID 6378441.
5. Grossman, Morton I. (1960). "The pathologic physiology of peptic ulcer". The American Journal of Medicine. 29 (5): 748–753. doi:10.1016/0002-9343(60)90108-X. ISSN 0002-9343. PMID 13709101.
6. Marks, I.N. (1961). "The Augmented Histamine Test". Gastroenterology. 41 (6): 599–603. doi:10.1016/S0016-5085(19)35077-2. PMID 14470049.
7. Kay, A. W. (11 July 1953). "Effect of Large Doses of Histamine on Gastric Secretion of HCl". British Medical Journal. 2 (4827): 77–80. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.4827.77. ISSN 0959-8138. PMC 2028464. PMID 13051582.
8. Vakiland, B. J.; Mulekar, A. M. (1965). "Studies with the maximal histamine test". Gut. 6 (4): 364–371. doi:10.1136/gut.6.4.364. ISSN 0017-5749. PMC 1552294. PMID 5829213.
9. Black, J. W.; Duncan, W. A.; Durant, C. J.; Ganellin, C. R.; Parsons, E. M. (21 April 1972). "Definition and antagonism of histamine H 2 -receptors". Nature. 236 (5347): 385–390. Bibcode:1972Natur.236..385B. doi:10.1038/236385a0. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 4401751. S2CID 4220911.
10. Formats and Editions of A textbook of surgical physiology, [WorldCat.org]. OCLC 3932539.
11. "Sir Andrew Watt Kay FRSE". The Royal Society of Edinburgh. 28 October 2016. Retrieved 22 November 2019.