Anna Mary Howitt

Anna Mary Howitt (married name Anna Mary Watts, 15 January 1824 – 23 July 1884) was an English Pre-Raphaelite painter, writer, feminist and spiritualist. Following health crisis in 1856 she ceased exhibiting professionally and became a pioneering drawing medium. It is likely the term "automatic drawing" originated with her.[1]

Anna Mary Howitt
by Rossetti c. 1853
Born15 January, 1824
Nottingham
Died23 July, 1884
Dietenheim
NationalityUnited Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
EducationHenry Sass's Art Academy
Spouse(s)Alaric Alfred Watts
Parent(s)William Howitt (1792–1879) and Mary Botham

Artist and feminist

Anna Mary Howitt was the eldest surviving child of the prolific Quaker writers and publishers William Howitt (1792–1879) and Mary Botham (1799–1888). She was born in Nottingham, but spent much of her childhood in Esher. When she was a teenager the family moved to Heidelberg, as her parents felt Germany offered better educational options than England.[2] Howitt showed early talent and entered Henry Sass's Art Academy in London in 1846, where her contemporaries included William Holman Hunt, Dante Gabriel Rossetti and Thomas Woolner.[3] In 1847 she illustrated her mother's book "The Children's Year".[4]

An illustration for her mother's book "The Children's Year

In 1850 Howitt accompanied her fellow artist Jane Benham to Munich, where she studied under Wilhelm von Kaulbach. She also began to publish articles about the city that were later collected into An Art-Student in Munich (1853), as well as serialised stories with her own illustrations, which appeared in the Illustrated Magazine of Art (1853–54).[3]

An Art-Student in Munich was a success. According to The New York Times (11 May 1854), "All that is peculiar to Munich, – its museums, galleries, festivals, and works of art, – or to German life, whether in high or low degree, and still more to the cultivation of the artist, is told in these pages with a beautiful earnestness and a naive simplicity, that have a talismanic effect upon the reader. It is one of those sunny works which leave a luminous trail behind them in the reader's memory."[5] Howitt was under twin influences at this stage in her life, being "connected on the one hand with the social and publishing circles of her parents, the hard-working pillars of the London literary establishment, and on the other hand with a group of forward-looking, feminist women of her own age."[6]

The younger group with whom Howitt associated consisted of the Langham Place feminists, notably her close friend the artist Barbara Leigh Smith. The pair joined Rossetti's Folio Club. Howitt made her exhibition debut at the National Institution of Fine Arts in 1854, with a painting inspired by Goethe's Faust. Her painting The Castaway (Royal Academy, 1855) was unusual in depicting a woman who has sunk into prostitution. In 1856 she helped Leigh Smith to collect signatures for a petition that would lead to the Married Women's Property Act 1870.[7] Family accounts record her distress over criticism from John Ruskin of her ambitious painting of Boadicea, which was also rejected by the Royal Academy. This may have contributed to her retreat from the professional art world, but her own account, published under a pseudonym in Camilla Dufour Crosland's Light in the Valley: My Experiences of Spiritualism(1857), suggests a neurological event, perhaps the onset of frontal lobe epilepsy.

Writer and spiritualist
Spirit drawing by Howitt

In 1859, Howitt married a childhood friend and fellow spiritualist, Alaric Alfred Watts. The couple later moved to Cheyne Walk in Chelsea, a few doors from Dante Gabriel Rossetti. Howitt continued to publish regularly, most often in the spiritualist press. With her husband she co-authored Aurora: a Volume of Verse (1884). Her book Pioneers of the Spiritual Reformation (1883), consisted of biographical sketches of the German poet Justinus Kerner and of her father William Howitt. She remained in close to her brother, Alfred William Howitt, who had emigrated to Australia, where he became a noted explorer and pioneering anthropologist. Acting as his de facto agent in England, she secured equipment, vetted texts, and maintained academic connections on his behalf.[8]

Though the whereabouts of her surviving oil paintings are still not known in 2019, a large number of Howitt's "spirit drawings" — images originated without her conscious control — remain in the archives of the Society for Psychical Research at Cambridge University Library and the College of Psychic Studies in London. Howitt was an inspiration to the artist medium Georgiana Houghton. With the expanding public interest in spirit-driven artists such as Emma Kunz and Hilma af Klint, Howitt's drawings are receiving greater academic attention.

Howitt's family was acquainted with the novelist Charles Dickens, who offered critical commentary on her writing.[9]

Anna Mary Watts died of diphtheria in 1884 at Mair am Hof in Teodone (Brunico), since 1919 part of Italy, during a visit to her mother in Tyrol.[3]

See also
English women painters from the early 19th century who exhibited at the Royal Academy of Art

Publications

References
  1. In the preface to Glimpses of a Brighter Land (London, Baillière, Tindall, and Cox, 1871)
  2. Elmbridge Hundred biography Retrieved 9 July 2011. Archived 23 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine
  3. ODNB entry: Retrieved 9 July 2011. Subscription required.
  4. Mary Botham Howitt; Anna Mary Howitt (1847). The Children's Year. Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans. pp. 3–.
  5. Retrieved 9 July 2011.
  6. Orlando Project introduction. Retrieved 9 July 2011.
  7. The text of the petition appears here: Retrieved 9 July 2011. Archived 2 October 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  8. Mary Howitt Walker (1971), Come Wind, Come Weather; a Biography of Alfred Howitt, Melbourne University Press. ISBN 978-0-522-83962-3.

External resources
  • Rachel Oberter, Spiritualism and the Visual Imagination in Victorian Britain, PhD dissertation, Yale University, 2007
  • Black-and-white reproduction of AMH's 1849 portrait of fellow artist John Banvard (1815–1891): Retrieved 9 July 2011.
  • The text of An Art-Student in Munich online: Retrieved 9 July 2011.
  • The text of The Children's Year by Mary Howitt, illustrated by her daughter Anna Mary Howitt: Retrieved 9 July 2011.
  • A chapter on Anna Mary Howitt's travels in Munich in Heidi Liedke: The Experience of Idling in Victorian Travel Texts, 1850–1901. Palgrave Macmillan, 2018 Retrieved 17 August 2018.
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