António Machado Santos

António Maria de Azevedo Machado Santos GCTE GOA (10 January 1875 – 19 October 1921) was a Portuguese Navy officer, remembered as the "Hero of the Rotunda" for his role in the 5 October 1910 revolution.

This name uses Portuguese naming customs: the first or maternal family name is Azevedo Machado and the second or paternal family name is Santos.
António Machado Santos

GCTE GOA
Born(1875-01-10)10 January 1875
Lisbon, Portugal
Died19 October 1921(1921-10-19) (aged 46)
Lisbon, Portugal
Cause of deathAssassination
Resting placeAlto de São João Cemetery, Lisbon
Known for5 October 1910 revolution
Spouse(s)Beatriz Estefânia de Oliveira
ChildrenAugusto Zeferino de Azevedo Machado Santos
Parents
  • Maurício Paulo Victoria dos Santos (father)
  • Maria d'Assumpção Azevedo Machado Santos (mother)
Signature

He left a personal account of the revolution, titled A Revolução Portuguesa: Relatório de Machado Santos ("The Portuguese Revolution: A Report by Machado Santos", published in 1911), one of the most complete accounts of the preparation of the revolutionary movement.[1]

Soon after the Republican Party started to split into different parties, he was opposed to the politics of those put in power following the revolution. He founded and published the opposition newspaper O Intransigente ("The Intransigent"). He established the Reformist Party and took part in the failed military coup of 27 April 1913 that aimed to topple Afonso Costa's government, and later, in 1915, supported General Pimenta de Castro's government. On 13 December 1916, he led the failed Tomar Revolt and was briefly arrested; in 1917, he was part of Sidónio Pais's military junta and government cabinets, until Pais's assassination in 1918.[2]

In 1919, he helped suppress a monarchist counter-revolution in the north of the country;[2] he was made a Grand Officer of the Order of Aviz on 11 March of that year, by President João do Canto e Castro.[3] That year, he launched a new independent Republican party, which he called the National Republican Federation.[2]

In 1921, he was assassinated during a military insurrection that became known as the Bloody Night.[2] He was posthumously decorated with the Grand Cross of the Order of the Tower and Sword, in 1926.[3]

Distinctions

National orders

References
  1. Machado Santos, António (1911). A Revolução Portuguesa: Relatório de Machado Santos (in Portuguese). Lisbon: Papelaria e Typographia Liberty.
  2. Silva, Armando Malheiro da; Cordeiro, Carlos; Torgal, Luís Filipe Reis (2011). "A República de António Maria de Azevedo Machado Santos (1875-1921)" [The Republic of António Maria de Azevedo Machado Santos (1875-1921)]. República, republicanismo e republicanos: Brasil, Portugal, Itália [Republic, republicanism, and republicans: Brazil, Portugal, Italy] (in Portuguese). Coimbra: Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra. ISBN 978-989-26-0497-8. Retrieved 23 July 2018.
  3. "Cidadãos Nacionais Agraciados com Ordens Portuguesas". Página Oficial das Ordens Honoríficas Portuguesas. Retrieved 23 July 2018.
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