Anthology of Planudes

The Anthology of Planudes (also called Planudean Anthology, in Latin Anthologia Planudea or sometimes in Greek Ἀνθολογία διαφόρων ἐπιγραμμάτων ("Anthology of various epigrams"), from the first line of the manuscript), is an anthology of Greek epigrams and poems compiled by Maximus Planudes, a Byzantine grammarian and theologian, based on the Anthology of Cephalas. It comprises 2,400 epigrams.

The Anthology of Planudes, first page of the 1494 printed copy, including index

The Anthology of Planudes starts with the text: «Ανθολογία διαφόρων επιγραμμάτων, συντεθειμένων σοφοίς, επί διαφόροις υποθέσεσιν ...» (Anthology of various epigrams, created by wise people, about different subjects ...) and consists of seven books.

It can be found in an autograph copy of Planudes in Biblioteca Marciana (codex Marcianus gr. 481) in Venice but also in two apographs, one in an incomplete edition (in London, BM Add. 16409) and the other in the final edition of the anthology (which is only in fragmentary form, in Paris, Paris B.N. gr. 2744), as well as in several printed editions.[1]

Several printed copies of the Planudean Anthology were made, as it was the only known anthology of Greek epigrams and poems until 1606, when the Palatine Anthology manuscript was found.

The anthology is today part of the corpus of texts known today as the Greek Anthology. The 397[2][3][4] epigrams not found in the Palatine Anthology (also mentioned as 395[5] and often as 388[6][7][8]) are usually included in the Greek Anthology as the Appendix Planudea.[2][6]

Content

Even though the Anthology of Planudes is based in the Anthology of Cephalas, comparison with the Palatine Anthology (also based on Cephalas's anthology) shows that not only many poems and epigrams were omitted (Palatine has 3700 epigrams, while the Planudean only 2400), but also Planudes made several mistakes or "corrections". At the beginning the transcription was done accurately, but after a certain point omissions become more and more as if the author lost his interest or was pressed to finalise the books. As a result, when the much more accurate Palatine Anthology was discovered, the interest of researchers was shifted from the Planudean to the Palatine. The only important element of the Planudean collection are the 388 epigrams not found in the Palatine, which are considered to have been part of the Anthology of Cephalas, but for an unknown reasons were not transcribed in the Palatine Anthology.[2]

Editions and text of Planudean Anthology
The van Bosch and van Lennep version of The Greek Anthology (in five vols., begun by Bosch in 1795, finished and published by Lennep in 1822). Photographed at The British Museum, London. Contains the metrical Latin version of Grotius's Planuedean (Planudes) version of the Anthology. Heavily illustrated. It also reprints the very error-prone Greek text of the Wechelian edition (1600) of the Anthology, which is itself simply a reprint of the 1566 Planudean edition by Henricus Stephanus.

The first printed edition of the Anthology of Planudes (editio princeps) was printed by Janus Lascaris in 1494 in Florence under the title «Anthologia Graeca».[9] It was also printed later on by Aldus Manutius (Venice 1503, 1521, 1551), Badius Ascensius (Paris 1531), P. and J.-M. Nicolini (Venice 1550), Jean Brodeau (Basel 1549), Henricus Stephanus (Paris 1566).

The edition of Bosch was printed between 1795 and 1822 in Utrecht in five volumes with Latin translation by Hugo Grotius entitled «Anthologia Graeca cum versione Latina Hugonis Grotii». Apart from the text of the Planudean Anthology, this edition also had other texts included after the first half of the third book.

See also

References
  1. Κατσιαμπούρα Γιάννα, «Μανουήλ / Μάξιμος Πλανούδης, "Ανθολογία"», 2003, Εγκυκλοπαίδεια Μείζονος Ελληνισμού, Μ. Ασία URL: <http://www.ehw.gr/l.aspx?id=5201>
  2. J. W. Mackail (1890). "Select Epigrams from the Greek Anthology". Longmans, Green, and Co. pp. Introduction, III. Retrieved September 3, 2011. «The Planudean Anthology contains in all three hundred and ninety-seven epigrams, which are not in the Palatine MS. of Cephalas.»
  3. Hellenic civilization, George Willis Botsford, Ernest Gottlieb Sihler, σελ. 703, Columbia University Press, 1929, «The Planudean manuscript is our only source for 397 epigrams, and these are now usually printed as a supplement...»
  4. A short history of Greek literature from Homer to Julian, Wilmer Cave France Wright, American Book Company, σελ. 445, 1907 «based his work on that of Cephalas adding 397 poems and omitting many, especially the work of the older poets»
  5. The Classical Tradition, Anthony Grafton, Glenn W. Most, Salvatore Settis, Harvard University Press, 15 Jan 2010 «...Planudes drew on Cephalas' collection, but not the manuscript of the Palatine Anthology, and added 395 further epigrams....»
  6. Nigel Guy Wilson (2006). Encyclopedia of ancient Greece. Routledge. p. 53. ISBN 9780415973342. Retrieved December 18, 2011. «The 388 poems unique to this compilation usually collectively called "the Planudean Appendix" or incorrectly book 16 of the Palatine Anthology...»
  7. An Anthology of Alexandrian poetry, Jerry Clack, σελ. XXVI 1982 «while the sixteenth book is devoted to 388 poems which appear in the Planudean Anthology but are not represented in the Palatine Anthology»
  8. Byzantinische Sprachkunst, Martin Hinterberger, Elisabeth Schiffer, Walter de Gruyter, page 204, 2007 «This makes a total of c.388»
  9. Maximus Planudes (1494-11-08). Ed. Janus Lascaris (ed.). "Anthologia Graeca". Laurentius (Francisci) de Alopa, Venetia. Retrieved October 28, 2011. Check date values in: |date= (help)
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