Arthur Hill Griffith

Arthur Griffith (16 October 1861 – 1 November 1946) was an Australian politician. He was a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly from 1894 until 1917 and held a number of ministerial positions in the Government of New South Wales. He was a member of the Labor Party (ALP).

Early life

Griffith was born in Westmeath, Ireland, to Arthur Hill Griffith (1810 - 1881), a magistrate, and his second wife, Hannah Rose Cottingham (1826 - 1921), daughter of James Courtney Morton Cottingham, Esquire (1788 - 1876), and Hannah Robinson.[1]

His paternal grandfather was Richard Griffith, MP, whose son, Sir Richard Griffith, 1st Baronet, was his uncle. [2] His great-grandmother was the noted actress and writer Elizabeth Griffith. The Griffith family descends from the Dukes of Penrhyn.[3]

His siblings included Christopher Arthur Griffith (1858 - 1949), a physician,[4] and Edward Arthur Griffith (1857 - 1949), a mining attorney, whose descendants include Jules-Arthur Paré (1917 - 2013), Professor Emeritus of McGill University Faculty of Medicine, and his granddaughter, celebrated actress Jessica Paré.[5]

In 1871, the Griffith family emigrated from Ireland to Melbourne, Australia.

Political career

Despite residing in Sydney, Griffith was the candidate for the Labour Party for the seat of Waratah at the state election held on 12 July 1894. He was successful with 820 (44.18%) votes and was re-elected at elections in 1895, 1898 and 1901.[6]

In 1903 he resigned his seat to contest a Senate seat for New South Wales at the 1903 federal election. He was unsuccessful and as the by-election for Waratah was held prior to the Senate election, Griffith was denied the chance to recontest. In the following year, he was successful as the endorsed Labor candidate for the seat of Sturt (based on the mining town of Broken Hill) at the general election of 6 August. Griffith was re-elected unopposed at the 1907 election but resigned from parliament the following year in protest at being suspended by the speaker when he protested the Speaker's alleged procedural unfairness. He won the subsequent by-election unopposed and continued to represent Sturt until the general election of 15 November 1913. A redistribution of state electorates resulted in Griffith stepping aside for John Cann the member for the abolished seat of Broken Hill. He successfully contested the Sydney electorate of Annandale, defeating the sitting member Albert Bruntnell.[7]

Ministerial career

In the New South Wales Labor Governments of James McGowen and William Holman he was the Minister for Public Works.[6][8] From March 1915 until November 1916, he was the Minister for Public Instruction. As Minister for Public Works, Griffith encouraged the growth of state enterprises and increased spending on railway construction. Griffith had consistently advocated for the greater industrialization of Newcastle, then, Under Holman, he personally negotiated the establishment of a steelworks in Newcastle with G. D. Delprat of the Broken Hill Proprietary Co. Ltd., and was the architect of the Walsh Island establishment;[9] though censured by the 1913 party conference cabinet for it, the scheme proved successful[10]

Expulsion from Labor Party

During the ALP split over conscription in World War I he opposed the Labor Party's anti-conscription policy but did not follow Holman in joining the Nationalist Party. He subsequently resigned from the government and was expelled from the Labor Party. He contested the 24 March 1917 election as an independent labor candidate but was defeated by William O'Brien the official ALP candidate.

Griffith was one of the best known middle-class, professional supporters of the Labor party in its first 25 years. He maintained a socialist and republican stance throughout his public career.

References

Walford, Edward The county families of the United Kingdom, Robert Hardwicke; London, England, 1860, page 273.
Leslie, Sir Stephen Dictionary of National Biography, Volume 23, edited by Sir Leslie Stephen, Macmillan, Great Britain, 1890, page 238. Retrieved January 28, 2017.
Paré, L.G.The Seeds: The Life Story of a Matriarch, by Lucy Griffith Paré (with Antoine Paré), Les Entreprises de Carpent Perdu Inc., Ste-Lucie-des-Laurentides, Québec, Canada, 1984, page 305.
Plarr, Victor "Griffith, Christopher Arthur (1858 - 1949)",Plarr's Lives of the Fellows Online, Royal College of Surgeons of England. Retrieved January 29, 2018.
Généalogie du Québec Généalogie du Québec et d'Amérique française, "Généalogie Jessica Paré". Retrieved January 28, 2018.
"Mr Arthur Hill Griffith (1861-1946)". Former Members of the Parliament of New South Wales. Retrieved 11 May 2019.
Green, Antony. "Index to candidates". New South Wales Election Results 1856-2007. Parliament of New South Wales. Retrieved 30 April 2019.
Australian Government "Member of State Government Ministries, 1911 – New South Wales—Ministries",Official Year Book of the Commonwealth of Australia, No. 4, Issue 9, Australia Bureau of Statistics, Australia , 1911, page 956.
Cameron, David Archived 23 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine On an island in the River: The establishment of the Walsh Island Dockyard & Engineering Works, Newcastle, 1910-1919, by David Cameron, as presented to the Australian Historical Association Regional Conference, Newcastle, 28–30 September 1997), 1997. Retrieved January 31, 2018.
Nairn, Bede (1983). "Griffith, Arthur Hill (1861–1946)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Melbourne University Press. ISSN 1833-7538. Retrieved 11 May 2019 – via National Centre of Biography, Australian National University.

Graham, Morris (2017). "Toppled Labor Giant: Arthur Griffith: NSW's Revolutionary Minister for Public Works & Education". self published. ISBN 9781370123346..

New South Wales Legislative Assembly
Preceded by New seat	Member for Waratah 1894 – 1903	Succeeded by Matthew Charlton
Preceded by William Ferguson	Member for Sturt 1904 – 1913	Succeeded by John Cann
Preceded by Albert Bruntnell	Member for Annandale 1913 – 1917	Succeeded by William O'Brien

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[1] Walford, Edward The county families of the United Kingdom, Robert Hardwicke; London, England, 1860, page 273.

[2] Leslie, Sir Stephen Dictionary of National Biography, Volume 23, edited by Sir Leslie Stephen, Macmillan, Great Britain, 1890, page 238. Retrieved January 28, 2017.

[3] Paré, L.G.The Seeds: The Life Story of a Matriarch, by Lucy Griffith Paré (with Antoine Paré), Les Entreprises de Carpent Perdu Inc., Ste-Lucie-des-Laurentides, Québec, Canada, 1984, page 305.

[4] Plarr, Victor "Griffith, Christopher Arthur (1858 - 1949)",Plarr's Lives of the Fellows Online, Royal College of Surgeons of England. Retrieved January 29, 2018.

[5] Généalogie du Québec Généalogie du Québec et d'Amérique française, "Généalogie Jessica Paré". Retrieved January 28, 2018.

[Griffith_NSW_parl-6] "Mr Arthur Hill Griffith (1861-1946)". Former Members of the Parliament of New South Wales. Retrieved 11 May 2019.

[NSW_candidate_index-7] Green, Antony. "Index to candidates". New South Wales Election Results 1856-2007. Parliament of New South Wales. Retrieved 30 April 2019.

[8] Australian Government "Member of State Government Ministries, 1911 – New South Wales—Ministries",Official Year Book of the Commonwealth of Australia, No. 4, Issue 9, Australia Bureau of Statistics, Australia , 1911, page 956.

[9] Cameron, David Archived 23 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine On an island in the River: The establishment of the Walsh Island Dockyard & Engineering Works, Newcastle, 1910-1919, by David Cameron, as presented to the Australian Historical Association Regional Conference, Newcastle, 28–30 September 1997), 1997. Retrieved January 31, 2018.

[10] Nairn, Bede (1983). "Griffith, Arthur Hill (1861–1946)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Melbourne University Press. ISSN 1833-7538. Retrieved 11 May 2019 – via National Centre of Biography, Australian National University.