Arturo Michelena

Francisco Arturo Michelena Castillo (Spanish pronunciation: [aɾˈtuɾo mitʃeˈlena]; 16 June 1863  – 29 July 1898) was a Venezuelan painter known for his historical and genre scenes and portraits.

In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Michelena and the second or maternal family name is Castillo.
Arturo Michelena
Arturo Michelena in his Paris workshop
Born
Francisco Arturo Michelena Castillo

(1863-06-16)16 June 1863
Valencia, Venezuela
Died29 July 1898(1898-07-29) (aged 35)
Caracas, Venezuela
NationalityVenezuelan
Known forPainting

Biography

His father, Juan Antonio Michelena (1832-1918) was also a painter. His mother, Socorro Castillo (1839-1909), was the daughter of the muralist, Pedro Castillo.

He began to paint at a very early age, with lessons from his father. In 1874, aged only eleven, he drew the illustrations for the American edition of Costumbres Venezolanas (Venezuelan Customs) by the journalist Francisco de Sales Pérez (1836-1926), who became his sponsor and introduced him to the circle of influential people associated with the statesman, Antonio Guzmán Blanco, in hopes of getting him a scholarship.[1] Later, he received lessons from a French emigrant painter named Constanza de Sauvage, who had been a student of Eugène Devéria.

From 1879 to 1882, he and his father operated a private painting academy in Valencia; fulfilling orders for portraits, wall paintings and copies of the Old Masters. In 1883, this exposure enabled him to enter two paintings in the "Great Exhibition of the Centennial of the Birth of El Libertador" (Simón Bolívar), where he was awarded a silver medal.[2]

Two years later, he was awarded a government grant to study in Europe. He travelled to Paris, in the company of Martín Tovar y Tovar, where he enrolled at the Académie Julian and took lessons from Jean-Paul Laurens.[3] Encouraged by Laurens, he entered the Salon of 1887 with a painting called "The Sick Child", which was awarded a gold medal in the second class; the highest honor awarded to a foreigner up to that time. Years later, the painting was acquired by the Astor family and taken to New York.[4] He received another gold medal at the Exposition Universelle (1889) for his depiction of Charlotte Corday headed to the gallows.

That same year, he suddenly returned to Venezuela and, shortly after, married Lastenia Tello Mendoza, a well known art collector. After that, he and his bride returned to Paris.[2] In 1890, he was hired to provide illustrations for Hernani by Victor Hugo. He also received a commission from the Venezuelan government, to create a work that would be presented to the city of New York, in thanks for the hospitality shown to General José Antonio Páez, during his exile there.[1] He produced "Vuelvan Caras" (About Face), depicting the General at the Battle of Las Queseras del Medio.

He contracted tuberculosis in 1892 and, on the advice of his doctors, returned once again to Venezuela. There, he painted fashion portraits and was named the official painter to President Joaquín Crespo; receiving a major commission to paint decorations at the Palacio de Miraflores, the official residence.[5]

He died of his tuberculosis in 1898, aged only thirty-five, and leaving numerous works unfinished.

References
  1. Planchart, Enrique (1979). La pintura en Venezuela. Caracas: Equinoccio. p. 30.
  2. Bargalló Cervelló, Pedro, (1967): Arturo Michelena. Banco Industrial de Venezuela, Caracas
  3. Timeline @ Liderazgo y Mercadeo
  4. "Arturo Michelena sus obras más importantes" Online
  5. Rafael Romero, Genio y gloria de Arturo Michelena, 1998, Fundación Galería de Arte Nacional ISBN 980-6420-07-1
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