Atmospheric super-rotation

Atmospheric super-rotation is the state where a planet's atmosphere rotates faster than the planet itself. The atmosphere of Venus is one example of extreme super-rotation; the Venusian atmosphere circles the planet in just four Earth days, much faster than Venus' sidereal day of 243 Earth days.[1] Atmospheric super-rotation has also been observed on Titan, the largest moon of Saturn.[2]

It is believed that the Earth's thermosphere has a small net super-rotation in excess of the surface rotational velocity, although estimates of the size of the phenomenon vary widely.[3][4][5] Some models suggest that global warming is likely to cause an increase in super-rotation in future, including possible super-rotation of surface winds.[6][7]

References
  1. "ESA Science & Technology - Major Discoveries by Venus Express: 2006-2014". sci.esa.int. Retrieved 2020-01-21.
  2. Read, Peter L.; Lebonnois, Sebastien (2018). "Superrotation on Venus, on Titan, and Elsewhere". Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences. 46 (1): 175–202. Bibcode:2018AREPS..46..175R. doi:10.1146/annurev-earth-082517-010137.
  3. Gaposchkin, E. M (2003-05-01). "Atmospheric superrotation?". Planetary and Space Science. 51 (6): 415–425. Bibcode:2003P&SS...51..415G. doi:10.1016/S0032-0633(03)00021-7. ISSN 0032-0633.
  4. Blum, P. W.; Harris, I. (1974-06-01). "Some new aspects on the superrotation of the thermosphere". Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics. 36 (6): 967–978. Bibcode:1974JATP...36..967B. doi:10.1016/0021-9169(74)90006-3. hdl:2060/19730011711. ISSN 0021-9169.
  5. Rishbeth, H. (January 1971). "Rotation of the Variation of Upper Atmosphere". Nature. 229 (5283): 333–334. Bibcode:1971Natur.229..333R. doi:10.1038/229333a0. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 16059224. S2CID 4187793.
  6. Carlson, Henrik; Caballero, Rodrigo (March 2016). "Enhanced MJO and transition to superrotation in warm climates". Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems. 8 (1): 304–318. Bibcode:2016JAMES...8..304C. doi:10.1002/2015ms000615. ISSN 1942-2466.
  7. Caballero, Rodrigo; Carlson, Henrik (October 2018). "Surface Superrotation". Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences. 75 (10): 3671–3689. Bibcode:2018JAtS...75.3671C. doi:10.1175/JAS-D-18-0076.1. ISSN 0022-4928.


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