Balcombe Place

Balcombe Place is a Grade II* Listed Building,[1] built in 1856[2] in West Sussex, with a south view across the Ouse Valley. It now forms part of The Balcombe Estate.[3]

Balcombe Place in 1999
Balcombe Place
Balcombe Place
Location within West Sussex
District
Shire county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townHAYWARDS HEATH
Postcode districtRH17
Dialling code01444
PoliceSussex
FireWest Sussex
AmbulanceSouth East Coast
UK Parliament

The architect was Henry Clutton.[4][5] It was built for John Alexander Hankey,[6][7] whose family had been living at Naylands,[8][9] a house about 1 mile away. The Gentleman's Magazine in 1864 refers to a meeting where “members adjourned to Balcombe Place, a residence recently erected by John Alexander Hankey, Esq., who hospitably entertained them”.

The main living area was connected to the servant's areas, a rear courtyard and stables. A photograph in 1897 shows a tall, large glass and wood conservatory on the east side. By the 1960s, that structure had fallen in disrepair and had either been demolished on purpose, or had simply fallen down. Images in 2013 suggested it was overgrown, but still protected by walls on each side, and probably still growing plants from earlier plantings. Descriptions refer to the Denmans 'lawn tennis' courts, but their location is unclear. No courts are shown in the 1910 OS map, a (hard) court existed in the 1960s and appears in the 1974 OS map. At 2013, the OS (and Google Earth) show the hard court to have gone.

Early maps show wooded areas around the main building, but with a generally unobstructed view to the south. By the 1960s, some trees to the east and south had been removed. This may have occurred during the war years, or when the land was used as a school, but may have been arranged beforehand by Lady Denman, who recorded 'bonfires' as a hobby and was once described as 'indiscriminately lopping' trees.[10]

Early history

Balcombe parish lay within the original precincts of the Forest of Worth. In the reign of Edward I., William de Warenne held the area, and it probably descended as the Barony of Lewes and the Borde-Hill and Spelice families of Nayland. In 1860, the principal estate in the parish was Nayland (now Balcombe Place). Nayland passed respectively through the Michelborne, Culpeper (or Culpepper), Spence, Liddel (or Liddell), Clitherow and Chatfield families who sold it to J.A. Hankey, Esq., High Sheriff of Sussex in 1866. Hankey erected Balcombe Place in the Tudor style on a commanding spot, near the ancient house.[11]

1899 additions
South-western aspect of the building.

In 1899, a music room (also described as a 'ballroom') was added to the building with designs by the architect G C Horsley.[1][12][13][14] Reynaldo Hahn wrote that he completed "La Cimetiere de campagne" at Balcombe Place.[15] The room integrated a large, electrically powered organ (with its motor in a small basement room); and with organ pipes and a small choir (or minstral's) gallery.

The work also included additions to the "garden front".[16] The 1910 Ordnance Survey map shows the new 'Music Room', but also shows a pond in the front garden with a fountain. By 1955, the fountain was removed; and the remaining pond was used sometimes as a swimming pool, but is now filled in and contains plants. A ha-ha is added to separate fields of livestock from the domestic lands.

Cowdray Estate

In 1905, it was purchased,[17] along with the 3,000-acre Balcombe Estate by Weetman Pearson, 1st Viscount Cowdray for his daughter Gertrude upon her marriage to the 3rd Baron Denman. The couple went in Australia in 1911, but returned three years later due to Lord Denman's hay fever. "It was not an unusual thing for him to retire" to the cool of cellars of the house, where "he would spend hours there reading".[18] Lady Denman enjoyed golf and laid a course where the ninth hole was right up against the plate glass windows of the dining room so that her guests were never brave enough to hit the ball properly.[19] In 1913, an electrically operated water pump (300 gallons per minute) was installed.[20]

During World War II, the building became the headquarters of the Women's Land Army.[21] There are no known publicly viewable photographs of this huge operation. Personal accounts describe the influx of administrative workers, tables, desks and office supplies; and stables containing WLA uniforms and other distributable goods. The tennis courts became used for livestock.[22][23][24]

In 1954, following the death of Lady Denman, the building was leased to a school on a 21-year lease.[25] Ownership of the building and the estates remain within the family.[26]

On 9 November 2015, the centenary of the first WI meeting in England, the Balcombe Place's entry in the National Heritage List for England was updated to include the WI connection, as were records for three other buildings of WI significance.[27]

Schools
School prospectus. 1955

In 1955, Mr Geoffrey Teale transferred and renamed his existing school (Whispers) in Wadhurst to Balcombe Place. Balcombe Place School was a Roman Catholic preparatory school for 50 boys, aged 6 to 14.[28] Teale retired in 1969. Another Sussex school, Bishop Sutton, run by Mr Kevin Botting,[29] moved into Balcombe Place which merged with the existing school.[30] In their final year, the pupils were trained for passing the Common Entrance examination to qualify for entrance to Independent Public Schools. The 21-year lease ended in 1976.[31]

Notable Alumni:

  • Edward Duke (actor).[32]
  • Fr Boniface Hunt[33]

Possible demolition

Unfavourable changes in Capital Gains tax and the ongoing maintenance costs for Country houses, encouraged some owners to sell or demolish their buildings.[34] The owners of Balcombe Place applied.[35] It was refused, and it became a Listed building in April 1977.[1] The building had its original plumbing system, old and inefficient heating, and wiring from the 1930s. It was “unoccupied and in a fast deteriorating condition”. Damage from vandalism included organ pipes ripped out and some of the Spanish leather panels were torn.[36]

Later history

It was advertised in Business magazines as a location for meetings, training courses or conferences.[37] It was described as having "16 bedroom suites and meeting rooms holding up to 70 people."[38]

In 1976, the owners successfully converted the derelict stables into offices, renovating and restoring as much of the existing structure as possible with no serious structural alterations, and no extensions or demolition.[39] Since the late 1980s, the Building has been used as a care home.[40] In 2006, further alterations were made to the old stable block. The squash court's viewing gallery was enlarged and doors were added on the ground floor. In 2008, the original (narrow) staircase in the Squash court which had led to a viewing gallery, was removed.[39]

From September 2017, the family regained use of Balcombe Place and began renovations to restore the country house. It is now offered as an exclusive use events venue throughout the year.[41]

References
  1. Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1025775)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
  2. The Buildings of England by Ian Nairn and Nicholas Pevsner. Penguin Books (1985)
  3. "Home". Balcombeestate.co.uk. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
  4. Sussex (The Buildings: Buildings of England) (Pevsner Architectural Guides: Buildings of England), 1 January 1965; ISBN B0010Z6U08/ISBN 978-0300096774.
  5. The design of the English country house, 1620-1920, p. 246. Authors: John Harris, American Institute of Architects Foundation, Octagon (Washington, D.C.). Publisher Trefoil, 1985; ISBN 0862940672; ISBN 9780862940676.
  6. John Alexander Hankey. "Legacies of British Slave-ownership". Ucl.ac.uk. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
  7. "John Alexander Hankey profile at National Portrait Gallery". Npg.org.uk. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
  8. English Heritage Building ID: 302345
  9. "Balcombe, West Sussex". Gen.culpepper.com. 9 January 2006. Archived from the original on 13 March 2012. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
  10. A Force To Be Reckoned With: The History of the Women's Institute by Jane Robinson (6 October 2011), Hachette UK
  11. A Compendious History of Sussex by Mark Antony Lower, MA. 1870.
  12. "Royal Institute of British Architects". Ribapix.com. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
  13. Book - Sussex (The Buildings: Buildings of England; Pevsner Architectural Guides: Buildings of England), p. 402, 1 January 1965; ISBN B0010Z6U08/ISBN 978-0300096774.
  14. "Royal Institute of British Architects". Ribapix.com. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
  15. Title:The Melodies of Reynaldo Hahn by Thea Sikora Engelson; ISBN 9780542795169
  16. A Journal of Architecture and the Accessory Arts, Volume 54 (1901)
  17. Sussex Archaeological Collections Relating to the History and Antiquities of the County, Volume 134. Sussex Archaeological Society (1996)
  18. The Sketch: A Journal of Art and Actuality, Volume 85, p. 148.
  19. Ian Warden (22 January 2013). "Family memories of Lady Denman". Canberratimes.com.au. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
  20. The Engineering Journal of the Electrical Industry, Volume 9 (1913).
  21. "The Women's Land Army". Historylearningsite.co.uk. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
  22. "WW2 People's War - My Time at Balcombe Place (WLA HQ)". BBC. 20 September 2005. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
  23. Landgirls and Their Impact; ISBN 1844680290/ISBN 978-1844680290.
  24. Farmworkers in England and Wales: A Social and Economic History, 1770-1980. Iowa State University Press, 1988
  25. The Architects' Journal, Volume 169. Architectural Press, 1979.
  26. "Person Page 18997". Thepeerage.com. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
  27. "Women's Institute buildings relisted for centenary/". BBC News. Retrieved 9 November 2015.
  28. "'Whispers' Moves To Balcombe". Archive.catholicherald.co.uk. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
  29. "Boarding School Has Room For Parents". Archive.catholicherald.co.uk. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
  30. Schools. Volume 45; Volume 50; Volume 52. Truman & Knightley Ltd, 1975.
  31. The Architects' Journal, Volume 169 - Page 641. Architectural Press.
  32. "Edward Duke (1953–1994)". IMDb.com. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
  33. "Fr Boniface Hunt obituary at". Plantata.org.uk. Archived from the original on 11 November 2013. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
  34. The Times, 19 May 1978; p. 5; Issue 60305
  35. Country Life, Volume 163, p. 250 (1978).
  36. The Architects' Journal, Volume 169, p. 642 (1979)
  37. World Trade Magazines Ltd. (1983)
  38. The Banker, Volume 133, Issues 683-88, Financial News Ltd (1983)
  39. "Balcombe Place Stables at Haywards Heath Road, Balcombe West, Sussex RH17 6QJ". Pa.midsussex.gov.uk. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
  40. "Nursing Homes in Crawley – Balcombe Place Care Home, West Sussex". Balcombecarehomes.co.uk. Archived from the original on 11 November 2013. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
  41. "Balcombe Place Exclusive Use Venue Homepage". Balcombe Place. Retrieved 12 April 2018.
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