Ban Borić

Borić[a] (fl. 1154–63) was the first known Ban of Bosnia as a Hungarian vassal, and progenitor of Boričević royal house. He was appointed by 1154, during Byzantine-Hungarian conflicts, and was last mentioned in 1163.

Borić
Ban of Bosnia[b]
Officefl. 1154–1163
PredecessorLadislaus II of Hungary 1137–1159 as Duke of Bosnia
SuccessorStephen IV of Hungary 1165–1180 as King of Hungary
Bornbefore 1154
Diedafter 1163
Noble familyBoričević (as progenitor)
OccupationHungarian vassal

Rule

Borić is mentioned by Byzantine Greek historian John Kinnamos in his history book covering years 1118–1176. The first certain mention regards 1154, when the Byzantine-Hungarian war was underway, with engagements in the Danube area. Hungarian king Géza II surrounded Byzantine-held Braničevo (in Serbia) and devastated the surrounding area. Part of this Hungarian force was Hungarian vassal Borić, the ban of Bosnia, and a Bohemian detachment. Kinnamos described Borić as "exarch (governor) of the land/country of Bosnia". When the Hungarian force raised the siege of Braničevo and headed west for Belgrade, Byzantine emperor Manuel I Komnenos sent a detachment to attack the Bosnian troops. However, that Byzantine detachment clashed with the main Hungarian force and was decisively defeated.[1][2]

It is uncertain how and when Borić came to rule Bosnia. According to Vladimir Ćorović, he was not a native Bosnian; his homeland is taken to have been central Slavonia. As Hungary became the overlord of Bosnia in the 1130s, it is most likely that Borić was appointed governor in Bosnia as a Hungarian vassal, and was obliged to participate in the march on Braničevo.[1][2][3]

Later years

There are no mentions of Borić until 1163, by which time Géza II was deceased (31 May 1162[4]) and there was a civil war in Hungary regarding the inheritance of the throne – Géza's brothers Ladislaus and Stephen IV rose up against crowned heir Stephen III.[5] Ladislaus managed to gain the throne, but he died shortly afterwards (14 January 1163[6]), upon which Stephen IV took it with Byzantine help.[5] Borić supported Stephen IV, presumably due to assurance that Stephen IV would, as a Byzantine protege, stand.[5] In 1163 at Esztergom, Stephen IV issued a charter in which he confirmed ban Beloš's decision that the Dubrava forest belongs to the Bishopric of Zagreb; among witnesses were Borić, listed after Beloš, a Hungarian court member and palatine, and before other counts.[5] Also, with the permit of Stephen IV, Borić in 1162–63 gifted the village of Zdelje (Esdel) to the Templars in Slavonia, later confirmed by kings Béla III and Andrew II (in 1209), as part of further gifts of his descendants.[7]

In 1163, the intended heir Stephen III defeated Stephen IV and eventually plead to Byzantium.[8] The new king then chased after Stephen IV's supporters–and his enemies–including ban Borić.[8] Gesta Hunnorum et Hungarorum (ca. 1282–85) says that a "miles (soldier) Gotfridus" went after the lord of Bosnia, whom he defeated, on the order of the Hungarian king.[8] After this, mentions of Borić in Bosnia disappear.[8] From ca. 1166, Bosnia was a Byzantine province.[9]

Legacy

Borić's descendants are sometimes referred to as the Boričević. He had sons named Borić and Pavao, and his grandsons were called Odola, Čelk and Borić.[10][c] The extended family also included Detmar and Benedikt (also called Borić).[10] In the 13th century his descendants had possessions on both sides of the river Sava, in the eastern and western parts of what is now the Požega County.[10]

An undated charter of Borić to the Benedictine monastery on Lokrum was proven to be a forgery from the 13th century.[11]

See also

Annotations
  1. ^
    His common name is Serbo-Croatian rendering Borić, also spelt Borich (Serbian Cyrillic: Бан Борић, Latin: Boricius, Borizes, Greek: Βορίτξης).
  2. ^
    In Greek, his title was "Exarch of the country of Bosnia" (Βορίτξης ὁ Βόσθνης χώρας ἔξάρχων[12][13]), according to John Kinnamos. In Latin, his title was "Ban of Bosnia" (banus Boricius de Bosna),[14] according to the 1209 charter of Andrew II.[7]
  3. ^
    Simeon Bogdanović–Siniša claimed that Ana, the wife of Serbian Grand Prince Stefan Nemanja, was the daughter of Borić, however, he thought that Borić and Boris Kalamanos were the same person (when in fact, Boris died in 1154, and Borić was alive in 1163), thus Ana would have been the daughter of Boris.[15]

References
  1. Ćorović, Vladimir (1997). Istorija srpskog naroda (in Serbian). eBook Portal. pp. 48–49. Retrieved 20 October 2018.
  2. Ćorović, Vladimir (1940). Historija Bosne. Srpska kraljevska akademija. Retrieved 20 October 2018.
  3. Klaić, Nada (1989). Srednjovjekovna Bosna: politički položaj bosanskih vladara do Tvrtkove krunidbe, 1377. g (in Croatian). Grafički zavod Hrvatske. pp. 62–77. Retrieved 20 October 2018.
  4. Kristó & Makk 1996, p. 191.
  5. Ćorović 1940, p. 50.
  6. Kristó & Makk 1996, p. 201.
  7. Ćorović 1940, p. 52.
  8. Ćorović 1940, p. 51.
  9. Ćorović 1940, p. 54.
  10. Karbić 2005.
  11. Ćorović 1940, p. 49.
  12. Barthold Georg Niebuhr (1836). Corpus scriptorum historiae byzantinae. impensis E. Weberi. pp. 343–.
  13. Gyula Moravcsik (1984). Az Árpád-kori magyar történet bizánci forrásai. Akadémiai Kiad. ISBN 9789630526708. Βορίτζης ό Βόσθνης χώρας έξάρχων
  14. Glasnik Zemaljskog muzeja u Bosni i Hercegovini. Zemaljska štamparija. 1903. p. 367. издае крал, Андриа II. повел>у, корм noTBphyje темпларима у пожешко бановини неки послед, што им га ôjeiue даровао некоЬ "banus Boricius de Bosna" дозво.ъеаем крал>а Степапа (дакле год. 1163). Ову даровницу потврдио je ...
  15. Milenko M. Vukićević; Stevo Ćosović (2005). Znamenite žene i vladarke srpske. Svet knjige. Међутим, један од познијих писаца (Синиша у Летопису Матице српске, књ. 151) вели, такође, да је Ана била кћи босанскога бана Борића. Али ту узима да су бан Борић и Борис, син Коломана I, краља угарског, једно лице, те би по томе Ана била кћи Бориса Коломановића, а унука кра- ља утарског Коломана I. Али се јасно зна да је Борис Коломановић погинуо 1154. године у борби с Кумани- ма, а бан Борић помиње се још у животу 1 163. године.

Further reading
Books
  • Kristó, Gyula; Makk, Ferenc (1996). Az Árpád-ház uralkodói [Rulers of the House of Árpád] (in Hungarian). I.P.C. Könyvek. ISBN 963-7930-97-3.
Journals
  • Ćorović, Vladimir (1940). "Ban Borić i njegovi potomci" [Ban Borić and his descendants]. Глас СКА. Belgrade: SKA. CLXXXII: 47–61.
  • Nedeljković, B. M. (1960). "Postojbina prvog bosanskog bana Boriča". IČ (9–10): 55–69.
  • Karbić, Marija (2005). "Posjedi plemićkog roda Borića bana do sredine XIV. stoljeća" [Landed estates of the noble lineage of Borić Ban until the middle of the 14th century]. Scrinia Slavonica (in Croatian). Croatian Historical Institute - Department of History of Slavonia, Srijem and Baranja (5): 48–61.
  • Živković, Tibor (2008). "Бан Борић". Зборник за историју Босне и Херцеговине. 5: 49–60.
  • "Borić" (in Croatian). Croatian Encyclopedia.
Regnal titles
First
Renewal of statehood
 Ban of Bosnia
fl. 1154–1163		 Vacant
Byzantine rule
Title next held by
Kulin
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