Barratt Impulsiveness Scale

The Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) is a widely used measure of impulsiveness. It includes 30 items that are scored to yield six first-order factors (attention, motor, self-control, cognitive complexity, perseverance, and cognitive instability impulsiveness) and three second-order factors (attentional, motor, and non-planning impulsiveness).[1]

The BIS is the most widely used self-report measure of impulsive personality traits.[2] As of June 2008, Web of Knowledge (an academic citation indexing and search service) tallied 457 journal citations of the 1995 article which defined the factor structure of the 11th version of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale. Although initially developed in the United States,[1] the BIS-11 has been applied widely around the world, including Australia,[3] Belgium,[4] Brazil,[5] Canada,[6] China,[7] Estonia,[8] France,[9] Germany,[10] Greece,[11] Israel,[12] Italy,[13] Japan,[14] Korea,[15] Netherlands,[16] Scotland,[17] Spain,[18] Switzerland,[19] Taiwan,[20] Turkey, and the United Kingdom.[21]

The first version of the scale, the BIS-1, was released in 1959. The second version, the BIS-11, was released in 1995.[1]

Scoring

The BIS-11 is a 30-item self-report questionnaire, that is scored to yield a total score, three second-order factors, and six first-order factors. The questions are published in the 1995 references article. The following is a list of the items contributing to each factor score.[2]

Second-order Factors Item Content
Attentional: 6, 5, 9*, 11, 20*, 24, 26, 28
Motor: 2, 3, 4, 16, 17, 19, 21, 22, 23, 25, 30*
Nonplanning: 1*, 7*, 8*, 10*, 12*, 13*, 14, 15*, 18, 27, 29*
First-order Factors Item Content
Attention: 5, 9*, 11, 20*, 28
Motor: 2, 3, 4, 17, 19, 22, 25
Self-Control: 1*, 7*, 8*, 12*, 13*, 14
Cognitive Complexity: 10*, 15*, 18, 27, 29*
Perseverance: 16, 21, 23, 30*
Cognitive Instability: 6, 24, 26

Validity

Patton et al. reported internal consistency coefficients for the BIS-11 total score that range from 0.79 to 0.83 for separate populations of under-graduates, substance-abuse patients, general psychiatric patients, and prison inmates.[1]

References
  1. Patton, J.H.; Stanford, M.S.; Barratt, E.S. (November 1995). "Factor structure of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale". Journal of Clinical Psychology. 51 (6): 768–74. doi:10.1002/1097-4679(199511)51:6<768::AID-JCLP2270510607>3.0.CO;2-1. PMID 8778124.
  2. "BIS 11". International Society for Research on Impulsivity website. Retrieved 2013-09-17.
  3. Gomez, R.; Cooper, A.; Gomez, A. (August 2000). "Susceptibility to positive and negative mood states: Test of Eysenck's, Gray's and Newman's theories". Personality and Individual Differences. 29 (2): 351–65. doi:10.1016/S0191-8869(99)00198-1.
  4. Dom, G.; Hulstijn, W.; Sabbe, B. (February 2006). "Differences in impulsivity and sensation seeking between early-and late-onset alcoholics". Addictive Behaviors. 31 (2): 298–308. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2005.05.009. PMID 15949898.
  5. Martins, S.S.; Tavares, H.; da Silva Lobo, D.S.; Galetti, A.M.; et al. (August 2004). "Pathological gambling, gender, and risk-taking behaviors". Addictive Behaviors. 29 (6): 1231–5. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2004.03.023. PMID 15236828.
  6. Steiger, H.; Koerner, N.; Engelberg, M.J.; Israël, M.; Ng Ying Kin, N.M.; Young, S.N. (August 2001). "Self-destructiveness and serotonin function in bulimia nervosa". Psychiatry Research. 103 (1): 15–26. doi:10.1016/S0165-1781(01)00264-5. PMID 11472787.
  7. Yao, S.; Yang, H.; Zhu, X.; Auerbach, R.P.; et al. (June 2007). "An examination of the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, 11th version in a sample of Chinese adolescents". Perceptual and Motor Skills. 104 (3c): 1169–82. doi:10.2466/pms.104.4.1169-1182. PMID 17879649.
  8. Paaver, M.; Nordquist, N.; Parik, J.; Harro, M.; et al. (November 2007). "Platelet MAO activity and the 5-HTT gene promoter polymorphism are associated with impulsivity and cognitive style in visual information processing". Psychopharmacology. 194 (4): 545–54. doi:10.1007/s00213-007-0867-z. PMID 17628790.
  9. Lejoyeux, M.; Feuché, N.; Loi, S.; Solomon, J.; et al. (November 1998). "Impulse-control disorders in alcoholics are related to sensation seeking and not to impulsivity". Psychiatry Research. 81 (2): 149–55. doi:10.1016/S0165-1781(98)00103-6. PMID 9858032.
  10. Cima, M.; Merckelbach, H.; Hollnack, S.; Knauer, E. (2003). "Characteristics of psychiatric prison inmates who claim amnesia". Personality and Individual Differences. 35 (2): 373–80. doi:10.1016/S0191-8869(02)00199-X.
  11. Giotakos, O.; Markianos, M.; Vaidakis, N.; Christodoulou, G.N. (2003). "Aggression, impulsivity, plasma sex hormones, and biogenic amine turnover in a forensic population of rapists". Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy. 29 (3): 215–25. doi:10.1080/00926230390155113. PMID 12851126.
  12. Glicksohn, J.; Leshem, R.; Aharoni, R. (January 2006). "Impulsivity and time estimation: Casting a net to catch a fish". Personality and Individual Differences. 40 (2): 261–71. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2005.07.003.
  13. Fossati, A.; Di Ceglie, A.; Acquarini, E.; Barratt, E.S. (June 2001). "Psychometric properties of an Italian version of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (BIS-11) in nonclinical subjects". Journal of Clinical Psychology. 57 (6): 815–28. doi:10.1002/jclp.1051. PMID 11344467.
  14. Someya, T.; Sakado, K.; Seki, T.; Kojima, M.; et al. (April 2001). "The Japanese version of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, 11th version (BIS-11): Its reliability and validity". Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. 55 (2): 111–4. doi:10.1046/j.1440-1819.2001.00796.x. PMID 11285088.
  15. Hong, S.; Jang, H. (December 2004). "Segmentation of early casino markets: An exploratory study". Tourism Management. 25 (6): 801–5. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2003.09.002.
  16. Bekker, M.H.J.; van de Meerendonk, C.; Mollerus, J. (December 2004). "Effects of negative mood induction and impulsivity on self-perceived emotional eating". International Journal of Eating Disorders. 36 (4): 461–9. doi:10.1002/eat.20041. PMID 15558635.
  17. Cairns, J.; van der Pol, M. (June 2004). "Repeated follow-up as a method for reducing non-trading behaviour in discrete choice experiments". Social Science & Medicine. 58 (11): 2211–18. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2003.08.021. PMID 15047078.
  18. Baca-Garcia, E.; Vaquero, C.; Diaz-Sastre, C.; Garcı́a-Resa, E.; et al. (April 2004). "Lack of association between the serotonin transporter promoter gene polymorphism and impulsivity or aggressive behavior among suicide attempters and healthy volunteers". Psychiatry Research. 126 (2): 99–106. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2003.10.007. PMID 15123389.
  19. Billieux, J.; Rochat, L.; Rebetez, M.M.L.; Van der Linden, M. (April 2008). "Are all facets of impulsivity related to self-reported compulsive buying behavior?". Personality and Individual Differences. 44 (6): 1432–42. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2007.12.011.
  20. Ray Li, C.S.; Chen, S.H.; Lin, W.H.; Yang, Y.Y. (2005). "Attentional blink in adolescents with varying levels of impulsivity". Journal of Psychiatric Research. 39 (2): 197–205. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2004.06.003. PMID 15589569.
  21. Cleare, A.J.; Bond, A.J. (March 2000). "Ipsapirone challenge in aggressive men shows an inverse correlation between 5-HT1A receptor function and aggression". Psychopharmacology. 148 (4): 344–9. doi:10.1007/s002130050061. PMID 10928305.
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