Barrel cactus

Barrel cacti are various members of the two genera Echinocactus and Ferocactus, found in the deserts of Southwestern North America. Some of the largest specimens can be found in the Mojave Desert in southern California.

Echinocactus grusonii — golden barrel cactus, endemic to Mexico

Description

Some species of barrel cactus reach over 1 metre (3.3 ft) in height at maturity, and have been known to reach 3 metres (9.8 ft) in some regions. The ribs are numerous and pronounced, and the spines are long and can range in color from yellow to tan to red, depending on the age of the plant and the species. Flowers appear at the top of the plant only after many years. The barrel cactus can live to be over 100 years old.

Barrel cactus buds typically start to bloom in April with a bright yellow or orange flower. Pink and red varieties also exist but occur less frequently. The flowers only appear on the very top of the plant. As the flowers begin to wilt in early May, they may change color. A late summer desert rainstorm can produce a late bloom, as shown in the photograph below of the orange-flowered variety (it bloomed two days after a hurricane in mid-August and continued to bloom through the end of September).

Fruit

As the flowers wilt away, small pineapple-shaped greenish fruit may form. Left untouched, the fruit has been known to last a full calendar year. The fruit can be easily removed but is not usually consumed because it is fairly dry and bitter.

Facts

Six young barrel cactus in a cluster in the Mojave desert

Native Americans collected the fruit as emergency food during extreme drought conditions.

The Seri people distinguished three species of barrel cactus:[1]

• Saguaro barrel cactus — Ferocactus cylindraceus
• Siml caacöl (big barrel cactus), siml cöquicöt (killer barrel cactus) — Ferocactus emoryi
• Siml áa (true barrel cactus) — Ferocactus wislizeni

In Mexico the flesh of the barrel cactus is candied and eaten as a treat.

Cultivation

Barrel cactus are cultivated by plant nurseries as an ornamental plant. They are considered easy to grow and relatively fast growing. They may produce round offshoots.

Barrel cactus can fall over because they grow based on sun orientation. They usually grow towards the south to prevent surface tissue sunburn, giving the name "compass cactus."[2]

Gallery

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  Fishhook barrel cactus with fruit
• 
  Barrel cactus flowers
• 
  Field of barrel cacti, created with human intervention, in a gravel garden somewhere in California, US
• 
  Barrel cactus cluster in Sahuarita, Arizona
• 
  Barrel cactus at the Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum botanical garden
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  Blooming barrel cactus in the Mojave Desert, California
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  Late-blooming barrel cactus in Landers, California
• 
  Barrel cactus in Desert Botanical Garden, Phoenix, Arizona

References

1. Felger, Richard Stephen; Moser, Mary Beck (1985). People of the Desert and Sea: Ethnobotany of the Seri Indians. Tucson: University of Arizona Press. ISBN 978-0816508181.
2. Johnson, Mark (2003). The Ultimate Desert Handbook. McGraw-Hill Professional. p. 196. ISBN 978-0071393034.