Battle of Tonlé Sap

Battle of Tonlé Sap[1] (French: Bataille de Tonlé Sap) was a battle between Panduranga (Champa) and Khmer Empire in 1177.

Battle of Tonlé Sap
Part of Khmer–Cham wars

Panduranga naval at temple of Bayon.
DateLate 1177
Location
Tonlé Sap
Result Panduranga victory.
Belligerents
Kampuchea Panduranga
Commanders and leaders
Tribhuvanadityavarman Po Klong Garai
Strength
? ?
Casualties and losses
? ?
?

Prologue

The 12th century was a time of conflict and brutal power struggles. Under Suryavarman II (reigned 1113–1150) the Khmer kingdom united internally[2] and the largest temple of Angkor was built in a period of 37 years: Angkor Wat, dedicated to the god Vishnu. In the east, his campaigns against Champa, and Annam, were unsuccessful,[3] though he did sack Vijaya in 1145 and depose Jaya Indravarman III.[4] The Khmers occupied Vijaya until 1149, when they were driven out by Jaya Harivarman I.[5] Suryavarman II sent a mission to the Chola dynasty of south India and presented a precious stone to the Chola Emperor Kulothunga Chola I in 1114.[6][7]

Another period followed in which kings reigned briefly and were violently overthrown by their successors. Finally in 1177 the Angkor capital was raided and looted in a naval battle on the Tonlé Sap lake by a Panduranga fleet under Po Klong Garai king of Panduranga. Then Tribhuvanadityavarman king of Angkor was killed.[8][9]

See also

References

Citations
  1. The Bayon bas-relief depicts a battle on the Tonlé Sap lake, Angkor Thom
  2. Higham 2004, p. 113.
  3. Higham 2004, p. 114.
  4. Maspero 2002, p. 75-56.
  5. Coedès 1968, p. 160.
  6. Kulke & Rothermund 1998, p. 125.
  7. Prakash & Lombard 1999, p. 29-30.
  8. Maspero 2002, p. 78.
  9. Coedès 1968, p. 164.

Bibliography
  • Coedès, George (1968). Vella, Walter F. (ed.). The Indianized States of Southeast Asia. trans.Susan Brown Cowing. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-0368-1.
  • Maspero, Georges (2002). The Champa Kingdom. White Lotus Co., Ltd.
  • Aymonier, Etienne (1893). The History of Tchampa (the Cyamba of Marco Polo, Now Annam Or Cochin-China). Oriental University Institute.
  • Higham, Charles (2004). The Civilization of Angkor. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-24218-0.
  • Kulke, Hermann; Dietmar, Rothermund (1998). A History of India. Routledge. ISBN 0-41515-482-0.
  • Prakash, Om; Lombard, Denys (1999). Commerce and Culture in the Bay of Bengal, 1500-1800. Manohar.


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