Bayan Mandahu Formation

Bayan Mandahu Formation
Stratigraphic range: Campanian, 75–71 Ma

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Bayan Mandahu Formation; Stratigraphic range: Campanian, 75–71 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
Type	Geological formation
Unit of	Gobi Desert
Lithology
Primary	Sandstone
Location
Coordinates	41.75N 106.75E
Region	Inner Mongolia
Country	China
Type section
Named for	Bayan Mandahu, Urad Rear Banner, Inner Mongolia

The Bayan Mandahu Formation (or Wuliangsuhai Formation) is a geological unit of "redbeds" located near the village of Bayan Mandahu in Inner Mongolia, China Asia (Gobi Desert) and dates from the late Cretaceous Period. Laid down in the Campanian, it is dated somewhat uncertainly to between 75-71 mya (million years ago).[1]

Description

The paleoenvironment it preserves was semi-arid and characterized by alluvial (stream-deposited) and eolian (wind-deposited) sediments. The formation is known for its vertebrate fossils, most of which are preserved in unstructured sandstone, indicating burial by wind-blown sandstorms.[2]

Fauna

The fauna of the Bayan Mandahu is very similar in composition to the nearby Djadochta Formation, and the two may have been deposited at roughly the same time. These two formations share many of the same genera, but differ in the makeup of species. For example, the most common mammal in the Djadochta is Kryptobaatar dashzevegi, while in the Bayan Mandahu, it is the closely related Kryptobaatar mandahuensis. Similarly, the dinosaur fauna of the Djadochta includes Protoceratops andrewsi and Velociraptor mongoliensis, while the Bayan Mandahu contains Protoceratops hellenikorhinus and Velociraptor osmolskae.[1]

Crocodylomorphs

Crocodylomorphs of the Bayan Mandahu Formation
Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Abundance	Notes
Shamosuchus[2]					A mesoeucrocodylian.

Lizards

An amphisbaenian species is known from the formation.[2] An iguanian species is known from the formation.[2]

Lizards of the Bayan Mandahu Formation
Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Abundance	Notes
Adamisaurus[2]	A. magnidentatus[2]				An agamid
Bainguis[2]					A diploglossan
Telmasaurus[2]					A monitor lizard

Mammals

A taeniolabidoidea multituberculate is known from the formation.[2]

Mammals of the Bayan Mandahu Formation
Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Abundance	Notes
Guibaatar[3]	G. castellanus				A djadochtatheriid multituberculate
Kennalestes[2]	K. gobiensis[2]				A placental. Also present in the Djadochta Formation.
Kryptobaatar	K. mandahuensis			The most common mammal in this formation.[1]	A multituberculate.

Ornithischians

Ornithischian dinosaurs of the Bayan Mandahu Formation
Genus	Species	Location	Abundance	Notes	Images
Hadrosauridae indet.[4]	Indeterminate[4]	Bayan Mandahu[4]		A hadrosaurid.	Magnirostris Pinacosaurus Protoceratops Udanoceratops
Magnirostris[1]	M. dodsoni[1]	Bayan Mandahu[4]		A ceratopsian
Pinacosaurus[1]	P. mephistocephalus[1]	Bayan Mandahu[4]	"Skull, postcranial skeleton, osteoderms."[5]	An ankylosaur
Protoceratops[1]	P. hellenikorhinus[1]	Bayan Mandahu[4]	"Complete skull."[6]	A ceratopsian
?Udanoceratops[2]	Indeterminate[2]	Bayan Mandahu[4]		A giant ceratopsian

Saurischians

Saurischian dinosaurs of the Bayan Mandahu Formation
Genus	Species	Location	Abundance	Notes	Images
cf. Gobipteryx[2]	Indeterminate			Eggs similar to those attributed to Gobipteryx minuta from the Djadochta Formation.	Linheraptor Linhenykus Machairasaurus Philovenator Velociraptor Wulatelong
Linheraptor[7]	L. exquisitus[7]	Wuliangsuhai[4]		A dromaeosaurid
Linhevenator[8]	L. tani[8]	Wuliangsuhai[8]		A troodontid
Linhenykus	L. monodactylus	Wuliangsuhai		An alvarezsaurid
Machairasaurus	M. leptonychus	Bayan Mandahu[4]		An oviraptorid
Philovenator	P. curriei	Wuliangsuhai		A troodontid
Velociraptor[2]	V. mongoliensis[2]			Misclassified, only present in the Djadochta Formation.
Velociraptor[2]	V. osmolskae	Bayan Mandahu[4]		A dromaeosaurid
Wulatelong	W. gobiensis	Wuliangsuhai		An oviraptorosaur
Oviraptoridae indet.[4]	Indeterminate[4]	Bayan Mandahu[4]		An oviraptorid
Sauropoda indet.[4]	Indeterminate[4]	Bayan Mandahu[4]		A sauropod.
Tyrannosauridae indet.[4]	Indeterminate[4]	Bayan Mandahu[4]		A tyrannosaurid.

Turtles

Turtles of the Bayan Mandahu Formation
Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Abundance	Notes
Basilemys[2]					A softshell turtle

References

Godefroit, Pascal; Currie, Philip J.; Li Hong; Shang Chang Yong; Dong Zhi-ming (2008). "A new species of Velociraptor (Dinosauria: Dromaeosauridae) from the Upper Cretaceous of northern China". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 28 (2): 432–438. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2008)28[432:ANSOVD]2.0.CO;2.
Jerzykiewicz, T.; Currie, P.J.; Eberth, D.A.; Johnston, P.A.; Koster, E.H.; Zheng J. (1993). "Djadokhta correlative strata in Chinese Inner Mongolia: An overview of the stratigraphy, sedimentary geology, and paleontology and comparisons with the type locality in the pre-Altai Gobi". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 30: 2180–2195. doi:10.1139/e93-190. [printed early 1994]
John R. Wible; Sarah L. Shelley; Shundong Bi (2019). "New genus and species of djadochtatheriid multituberculate (Allotheria, Mammalia) from the Upper Cretaceous Bayan Mandahu Formation of Inner Mongolia". Annals of Carnegie Museum. 85 (4): 285–327. doi:10.2992/007.085.0401. S2CID 210840006.
Nicholas R. Longrich; Philip J. Currie; Dong Zhi-Ming (2010). "A new oviraptorid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous of Bayan Mandahu, Inner Mongolia". Palaeontology. 53 (5): 945–960. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.00968.x.
"Table 17.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 364.
"Table 22.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 480.
Xu, X., Choinere, J., Pittman, M., Tan, Q., Xiao, D., Li, Z., Tan, L., Clark, J., Norell, M., Hone, D.W.E. and Sullivan, C. (In press). "A new dromaeosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous Wuliangsuhai Formation of Inner Mongolia, China." Zootaxa, in press.
Xu X., Tan Q., Sullivan, C., Han F., Xiao D. (2011) A Short-Armed Troodontid Dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of Inner Mongolia and Its Implications for Troodontid Evolution. PLoS ONE 6(9): e22916. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0022916 http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0022916

Bibliography

Weishampel, David B.; Peter Dodson, and Halszka Osmólska (eds.). 2004. The Dinosauria, 2nd edition, 1–880. Berkeley: University of California Press. Accessed 2019-02-21. ISBN 0-520-24209-2

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[PGetal2008-1] Godefroit, Pascal; Currie, Philip J.; Li Hong; Shang Chang Yong; Dong Zhi-ming (2008). "A new species of Velociraptor (Dinosauria: Dromaeosauridae) from the Upper Cretaceous of northern China". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 28 (2): 432–438. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2008)28[432:ANSOVD]2.0.CO;2.

[jerzykiewiczetal1993-2] Jerzykiewicz, T.; Currie, P.J.; Eberth, D.A.; Johnston, P.A.; Koster, E.H.; Zheng J. (1993). "Djadokhta correlative strata in Chinese Inner Mongolia: An overview of the stratigraphy, sedimentary geology, and paleontology and comparisons with the type locality in the pre-Altai Gobi". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 30: 2180–2195. doi:10.1139/e93-190. [printed early 1994]

[3] John R. Wible; Sarah L. Shelley; Shundong Bi (2019). "New genus and species of djadochtatheriid multituberculate (Allotheria, Mammalia) from the Upper Cretaceous Bayan Mandahu Formation of Inner Mongolia". Annals of Carnegie Museum. 85 (4): 285–327. doi:10.2992/007.085.0401. S2CID 210840006.

[Longrichetal10-4] Nicholas R. Longrich; Philip J. Currie; Dong Zhi-Ming (2010). "A new oviraptorid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous of Bayan Mandahu, Inner Mongolia". Palaeontology. 53 (5): 945–960. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.00968.x.

[table-17-1-364-5] "Table 17.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 364.

[table-22-1-480-6] "Table 22.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 480.

[xuhoneetal2010-7] Xu, X., Choinere, J., Pittman, M., Tan, Q., Xiao, D., Li, Z., Tan, L., Clark, J., Norell, M., Hone, D.W.E. and Sullivan, C. (In press). "A new dromaeosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous Wuliangsuhai Formation of Inner Mongolia, China." Zootaxa, in press.

[linhevenator-8] Xu X., Tan Q., Sullivan, C., Han F., Xiao D. (2011) A Short-Armed Troodontid Dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of Inner Mongolia and Its Implications for Troodontid Evolution. PLoS ONE 6(9): e22916. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0022916 http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0022916