Benjamin Adekunle

Benjamin Adesanya Maja Adekunle (26 June 1936 – 13 September 2014) was a Nigerian Army Brigadier and Civil War commander.

Benjamin Adekunle
Brigadier Benjamin Adekunle
General Officer Commanding 3 Armoured Division, Nigerian Army
In office
July 1967 – May 1969
Succeeded byCol. O. Obasanjo
Personal details
Born(1936-06-26)26 June 1936
Kaduna, Kaduna State, Nigeria
Died13 September 2014(2014-09-13) (aged 78)
Lagos, Nigeria
Alma materRoyal Military Academy Sandhurst
Military service
Nickname(s)The Black Scorpion
Allegiance Nigeria
Branch/serviceNigerian Army
Years of service1958–1974
RankBrigadier
Commands3 Marine Commando Division
Battles/warsCongo Crisis Nigerian Civil War

Early years and background

Adekunle was born in Kaduna. His father was a native of Ogbomosho, while his mother was a member of the Bachama tribe. He underwent secondary education at the government college, Okene (now known as Abdul Aziz Atta Memorial College, Okene, in present-day Kogi State). He enlisted in the Nigerian Army in 1958 shortly after completing his school certificate examinations. He passed the army selection examinations and thereafter was despatched to the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst in the UK, the British Army's initial officer entry academy. He was commissioned 2nd Lieutenant on December 15, 1960. As a platoon commander, he served in Kasai Province of Congo with the 1st Battalion, Queen's Own Nigeria Regiment during his first ONUC UN peace keeping tour of duty. In 1962, Lt. Adekunle became Aide-de-Camp to the governor of the eastern region, Sir Akanu Ibiam. The following year, as a Captain, he was posted back to the Congo as Staff Captain (A) to the Nigerian Brigade HQ at Luluabourg - under Brigadier B. Babafemi Ogundipe. In 1964, Major Adekunle attended the Defence Services Staff College at Wellington, in India. When he returned he was briefly appointed Adjutant General at the Army Headquarters in May 1965 to replace Lt. Col. Yakubu Gowon, who was proceeding on a course outside the country. However, he later handed over the position to Lt. Col. James Pam and was posted back to his old Battalion (1st Bn) in Enugu as a Company Commander.

Nigerian Civil War

Adekunle later assumed command of the Lagos Garrison as a substantive Lt. Col. When the Nigerian Civil War erupted in July 1967, Adekunle was tasked to lead elements which included two new battalions (7th and 8th) - to conduct the historic sea borne assault on Bonny in the Bight of Benin on 26 July 1968 (carried out by Major Isaac Adaka Boro's unit). This happened after the federal government gained confidence of most south western ethnic groups as a direct result of Biafran push to mid-west state and probe into Western region. Adekunle was promoted to Colonel after the Bonny landing.

The 6th (under Major Jalo) and 8th (under Major Ochefu) battalions of the Lagos Garrison subsequently took part in operations to liberate the Midwest following the Biafran invasion of August 1967. The 7th (under Major Abubakar) stayed behind to hold Bonny. Because Major Jalo's Unit was seconded to Lt. Col. Murtala Mohammed's 2nd Division, Adekunle was left with only the 8th Battalion at Escravos. He, therefore, protested to Army HQ and got the Lagos garrison upgraded to Brigade status through the creation of the 31 and 32 Battalions (under Majors Aliyu and Hamman, respectively). This formation, combined with elements of the Lagos garrison along the eastern seaboard, was officially designated the 3 Infantry Division.[1] However, Colonel Adekunle did not think the name "3 Infantry Division" was sensational enough nor did it project the nature of the unique terrain in which his men had to fight. Therefore, without formal approval from Army HQ, he renamed it the " 3 Marine Commando (3MCDO)[2]." The "Black Scorpion" as he came to be known, was easily the most controversial, celebrated and mythologized figure in the war of attrition that laid the foundations for Nigeria's contemporary crisis; and threw a wedge into the national fabric. Benjamin "Adekunle's boys in the Midwest seized Escravos, Burutu, Urhonigbe, Owa and Aladima. They captured Bomadi and Patani, Youngtown, Koko, Sapele, Ajagbodudu, Warri, Ughelli, Orerokpe, Umutu and Itagba".[3]

Role after the civil war

Benjamin Adekunle was promoted to Brigadier in 1972. After the war Adekunle was put in charge of decongesting the Lagos port that was having a chronic problem of clearing imported goods. He held this position until being compulsorily retired on August 20, 1974.

He attributed his problems during and after the war to his rivals in the army. In various interviews, he said there was always a rumor of coup linked to him until the army authority felt the concern to do something about it. He had large followings in both the army and public at large and was the most popular military commander during the war, apart from Obasanjo, who succeeded him and brought the war to an end with the same 3MC.

Adekunle led the Third Marine Commando Division with such great panache and determination that the foreign media, in looking for a human angle on the Biafran war, found him a ready source of news.[4]

He died on 13 September 2014 and was buried in the Vaults and Gardens, Ikoyi, Lagos[5][6]

References
  1. Obasanjo, 'My Command,' Heinemann, Ibadan/London/Nairobi, 1980, p.45-6
  2. Makinde, Adeyinka. "Colonel Benjamin Adekunle Tours the Liberated Village of Ediba, Nigerian Civil War, April 1968". Youtube. Youtube. Retrieved 6 September 2020.
  3. http://www.dawodu.com/omoigui32.htm
  4. Makinde, Adeyinka. "Colonel Benjamin Adekunle Interview, "Black Scorpion" on Ojukwu & Political Ambition, October 1970". Youtube. Youtube. Retrieved 6 September 2020.
  5. "Benjamin Adekunle is dead". YNaija.
  6. "Adekunle's Burial: Fashola, COAS, CAS, Pay Last Respects". Leadership. October 4, 2014. Archived from the original on November 27, 2014. Retrieved November 15, 2014.
  • Adekunle, Abiodun (2003). The Nigeria-Biafra Letters: A Soldier's Story. Africa Phoenix Group. ISBN 0-9740761-0-4.

Battle of Port Harcourt: Col. Adekunle's 3 Marine Commando Div. Deny Biafra Access To Sea, May 1968

Federal Troops Attack Arochukwu, Col. Adekunle's 3 Marine Commando, Nigerian Civil War, July 1968

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