Bernard Łubieński

Bernard Alojzy Łubieński, (translit. Bernard Aloysius Lubienski) C.Ss.R., (9 December 1846 – 10 September 1933) was a Polish Redemptorist priest, missionary and writer, closely associated with Bishop Robert Coffin and with the Roman Catholic Church in England, where he spent his youth and early career. He was a member of the religious community at St Mary's Roman Catholic Church, Clapham in London before returning to Poland in the 1880s to join in re-establishing his order over there with the help of his family. He is currently the subject of a beatification process.[1]

Venerable Father Bernard Łubieński
Bernard Aloyzy Łubieński c. 1900
missionary priest
Born(1846-12-09)December 9, 1846
Guzów, Poland
DiedSeptember 10, 1933(1933-09-10) (aged 86)
Warsaw, Poland
Father Bernard Łubieński, C.Ss.R.
Orders
Ordination1870
Personal details
DenominationRoman Catholicism
Sainthood
AttributesOur Lady of Perpetual Help, Religious retreat, Preacher
Patronage"Apostle of Poland"

Early life

Łubieński was the second of twelve children born in Guzów, Poland, to Count Tomasz Wentworth Łubieński, Pomian coat of arms, and Adelajda, née Łempicka, members of a prolific and entrepreneurial Polish szlachta family, once considered magnates.[2] He was the great grandson of Justice Minister and family patriarch, Felix Hr. Łubieński (1758-1848) and his writer wife, Tekla Teresa Łubieńska (1767-1810), who had wrested back the vast Guzów estate from Prussian state sequestration after the third Partition of Poland, gaining a Prussian title in the process. He was moreover the grandson of the anglophile Henryk Łubieński, industrialist, financier and co-founder of the Mill town of Zyrardów.[3][4] His siblings were, Henryk, Zofia, Roger, Maria, Zygmunt, Adam, Michał, Irena, Celina, Teresa and Tomasz.

At around the age of six, Łubieński was farmed out to his father's pious relatives, Maria (née Łubieńska) and Felix Szymanowski, who had recently lost an infant son and was raised together with their surviving son, Teodor who was a few months older than Bernard. The children were home schooled in Warsaw and Cygów until the age of eleven, when in the autumn of 1858 Bernard and his older brother, Henryk, were sent to an English Catholic boarding school, Ushaw College in County Durham.[5] There were relatives in Herefordshire, as a cousin of their father's, Irena Dzierżykraj-Morawska, had come from Poland to marry Charles de La Barre Bodenham, from an ancient English recusant family, so that the Łubieński boys were able to visit them at their stately home, "Rotherwas".[6] [7]

Monastic career
St Mary's RC church, Clapham

Łubieński was an indifferent scholar towards the end of his time at St. Cuthbert's where he failed to gain his school leaving certificate. This probably affected his initiative to join the Society of Jesus having attended a retreat at Manresa House, Roehampton led by Alfred Weld SJ, from 30 August to 5 September 1964, after which his application was declined by the order.[8] Much to the disapproval of his father (and of an uncle who was a bishop, pl:Konstanty Ireneusz Łubieński), Łubieński became a postulant in the Clapham Redemptorist community in 1864 and then entered their novitiate in England. After theological and philosophical studies in Witten, Netherlands, he was finally ordained in Aachen in Germany in 1870. He returned to England and went to Clapham to do pastoral work and look after Polish exiles in London.[9] He travelled to Perth, Scotland to train in missionary work, visited Ireland and attended courses in Bishop Eton, in Liverpool while ministering to local people. In England, he worked as an archivist for the order and rose to be the Provincial bursar. In 1879 his brother, Roger, invited him on a furlough visit to Poland where he met the Austrian Redemptorist Provincial, who had been previously contacted by Łubieński's English provincial, Robert Coffin. Between them, they agreed that the order should expand its mission back into Poland. The Redemptorists had been expulsed from the Grand Duchy of Warsaw by Napoleon in 1809.

townscape of Mościski, now in Ukraine

In 1881 a former Dominican monastery was bought in Mościski, Przemyśl diocese, by the Austrian province of the order. In 1882 having closed down his affairs in London, Łubieński returned to Poland — via Rome where twice he was granted an audience with Pope Leo XIII - after a 25-year absence, to participate in the re-introduction of the Polish Province of the Redemptorists and to be nearer to his large extended family. In 1885 he succumbed to influenza accompanied by paralysis, which after treatment, left him lame for the rest of his life. He was offered the See of Mohilev, but turned it down on grounds of poor health and because of his inclination for holding retreats, missionary work and writing. In any event, he identified strongly with the simple life of the French priest, Jean Vianney. He led retreats for all sections of society, including priests and religious. He became a respected and sought-after preacher and, as a descendant of a family of past Polish Primates, is said to have spiritually influenced four successive future Primates of Poland, (1900-1948). By the end of his ministry he is said to have conducted 244 missionary trips across all three Partitions of Poland, 508 retreats and refurbished 54 churches and built two.[10] After his death in Warsaw, aged 86, those close to him opined that he had died in the "Odour of sanctity".

Beatification process

Persuaded of the heroic virtue of his life, the Redemptorist fathers initiated the ecclesiastical process in the cause of Łubieński's beatification. On 2 June 1961 the requisite investigative stage began, terminating at the level of the Archdiocese of Warsaw on 24 November 1965. In the course of the inquiry, submissions were received from 44 witnesses. After many changes, Antonio Marrazza C.Ss.R was named Postulator of the cause. A special Historical Commission was called upon to gather material. Concluding its work on 28 March 1995, the Commission passed its findings to the Congregation for the Causes of Saints in Rome. On 30 March 1998 the Congregation issued a decree validating the diocesan stage of the inquiry. At the end of January 2005 a Positio petition, containing a detailed biography and bibliography with theological opinions, was handed to the Holy See. On 12 April 2005 a consultative college met and accepted the validity of the historical material.

On 6 March 2018 Pope Francis promulgated a decree confirming the heroic nature of Łubieński's virtues, which carries with it the title of "Venerable".[11][12]

See also
Pomian CoA on sarcophagus of Maciej Łubieński, Primate, in Gniezno Cathedral

References
  1. Redemptorists, "Report of the Postulator General to the 25th Chapter", (2016). p.6. http://www.cssr.news/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Office-of-the-POSTULATOR-GENERAL.pdf
  2. Dąbrowska, Magdalena. (2013) „Wielodzietność kobiet w polskich XIX-wiecznych wyższych warstwach społecznych na przykładzie hrabiowskiej linii rodziny Łubieńskich”, Studia Humanistyczne Wydziału Farmaceutycznego Uniwersytetu Medycznego we Wrocławiu, 7. "Humanities Journal", Department of Pharmacology, Wrocław Medical University http://palacwguzowie.pl/wielodzietnosc-kobiet-przykladzie-hrabiowskiej-linii-lubienskich/ A study into the multiple births among higher status 19th-c. women: the case of the Łubieński noble line accessed 1-15-2018
  3. Żuchlewska, Teresa (2009). "Henryk Łubieński (1793-1883) i jego działalność gospodarczo-społeczna", Rocznik Żyrardowski, 7 / Muzeum Historii Polski, http://mazowsze.hist.pl/29/Rocznik_Zyrardowski/659/2009/23655/ pp. 527-570 A critical account of H. Łubieński's economic and social activity.
  4. Zygmunt Przyrembel Historja Cukrownictwa w Polsce, Warszawa 1927, http://cybra.p.lodz.pl/Content/7140/HistoriaCukrownictwaPolsce_OCR1.pdf pp.118-129... The history of sugar production in Poland in which H. Łubieński had played a prominent part.
  5. O. Bernard Łubieński — Wspomnienia (autobiography) ed. Sławomir Pawłowicz CSsR, publ. Homo Dei, Kraków 2009, ISBN 978-83-60998-41-0
  6. Correspondence of his aunt, Irena Morawska-Bodenham, at the National archives http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/8bb77b8e-1ad0-4ba1-a0c5-0e0dc34135f9
  7. Note: As the Bodenhams were without issue, the widowed Irena Bodenham left the Rotherwas estate to her cousin, Ludwik (Louis) Edward Łubieński, who was then settled in England, on condition that his family legally added the name Bodenham to their surname.
  8. "~1933~ (Bernard Alojzy Łubieński)". newsaints.faithweb.com. Retrieved June 15, 2016.
  9. "Obituary "The Rev. Bernard, C.SS.R" – from the Tablet Archive". Archive.thetablet.co.uk. Archived from the original on October 13, 2017. Retrieved August 11, 2016.p.437 (a subscription may now be necessary)
  10. Sadowski, Maciej. CSSR. (2013) "An Aristocrat among Missionaries", SHCR, pp.385-409. http://www.santalfonsoedintorni.it/Spicilegium/61/SH-61-2013(II)385-406.pdf accessed 1-15-2018
  11. http://www.cssr.news/2018/03/a-new-venerable-redemptorist-bernard-lubienski/
  12. "Promulgazione di Decreti della Congregazione delle Cause dei Santi, 07.03.2018" (in Italian). vatican.va. March 7, 2018. Retrieved March 7, 2018.

Bibliography

(In Polish)

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