Bormida (river)

Bormida
	The Bormida between Castellazzo and Cantalupo
	Bormida location within NW Italy
Location
Country	Italy
Physical characteristics
Source
• location	Rocca Barbena, Liguria
• elevation	Colle Scravaion, 800 m (2,600 ft)
Mouth
• location	Tanaro
• coordinates	44.9345°N 8.6746°E
Length	153 km (95 mi)[1]
Basin size	3,663 km2 (1,414 sq mi)[2]
Discharge
• average	44.2 m3/s (1,560 cu ft/s)[2]
Basin features
Progression	Tanaro→ Po→ Adriatic Sea
Tributaries
• right	Bormida di Spigno, Erro, Orba

The Bormida (Bormia in Piedmontese language) is a river of north-west Italy.

The hydronym Bormida derives from the pre-Roman Ligurian proto-form *bormo ('warm or bubbling water'), also linked to the names of the gods of the springs Bormō and Bormānus. The root *borm- itself could have pre-Indo-European origins[3] and, therefore, could be connected with the lost language (or languages) of Prehistoric inhabitants of Europe who occupied Northern Italy before the possible arrival of the Indo-Europeans.

Geography

Motivo sulla Bormida, Alfredo d'Andrade, 1865

The Bormida rises in Liguria near Colle Scravaion as Bormida di Millesimo and flows through Piedmont. After converging with the Bormida di Spigno near Bistagno it joins the Tanaro, of which it is the major tributary, north-east of Alessandria.

References

Media related to Bormida (river) at Wikimedia Commons

AA.VV. (2004). "Elaborato I.c/5". Piano di Tutela delle Acque - Revisione del 1º luglio 2004; Caratterizzazione bacini idrografici (PDF). Regione Piemonte. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2016-01-10.
AA.VV. (1 July 2004). "Elaborato I.c/7". Piano di Tutela delle Acque - Revisione del 1º luglio 2004; Caratterizzazione bacini idrografici (PDF). Regione Piemonte. Archived from the original (pdf) on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 8 April 2017.
Francesco Perono Cacciafoco. 2015. Pre-Indo-European Relics: The *borm- Root in the European Pre-Latin Context. Acta Linguistica: Journal for Theoretical Linguistics, 9, 2, pp. 57-69.

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[PTA_al5-1] AA.VV. (2004). "Elaborato I.c/5". Piano di Tutela delle Acque - Revisione del 1º luglio 2004; Caratterizzazione bacini idrografici (PDF). Regione Piemonte. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2016-01-10.

[PTA_al7-2] AA.VV. (1 July 2004). "Elaborato I.c/7". Piano di Tutela delle Acque - Revisione del 1º luglio 2004; Caratterizzazione bacini idrografici (PDF). Regione Piemonte. Archived from the original (pdf) on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 8 April 2017.

[3] Francesco Perono Cacciafoco. 2015. Pre-Indo-European Relics: The *borm- Root in the European Pre-Latin Context. Acta Linguistica: Journal for Theoretical Linguistics, 9, 2, pp. 57-69.