Botso Jaqeli

Botso Jaqeli (Georgian: ბოცო ჯაყელი; fl. 1184–1191) was a Georgian nobleman of the Jaqeli family, the first to have the rank of eristavi ("duke") of Samtskhe. He lost his positions for having joined an aristocratic revolt against Queen Tamar of Georgia.

Botso's parentage is not known. His father could have been either Murvan Jaqeli[1] of an inscription from the Agara monastery, near Akhaltsikhe, or Memna, mentioned by Stepanos Orbelian as a participant of the 1178 revolt against George III of Georgia.[2] Botso Jaqeli's namesake and possible grandfather is recorded as eristavt-eristavi ("duke of dukes") in a Georgian stone inscription from the Ali monastery, now in Turkey, and marzpan ("margrave") in a note attached to the 12th-century Gelati Gospels manuscript.[3] According to the historian Cyril Toumanoff, Botso's successor as duke of Samtskhe, Ivane-Qvarqvare Jaqeli, was his brother.[1] Botso's possible sister,[1][4] Kravay, was married to the nobleman Samdzivari and was responsible for negotiating the surrender of Qutlu Arslan's rebellious party to Queen Tamar.[4]

Botso Jaqeli appears as eristavi ("duke") and spasalar ("constable") of Samtskhe, an important frontier region in southwest Georgia, in the reign of Queen Regnant Tamar. Around 1187, Botso, together with Guzan, duke of Tao, repelled an attack from Saltukid Erzurum and Sham into the provinces of Shavsheti and Klarjeti.[5] Around 1191, Botso joined the likes as Vardan Dadiani and Guzan of Tao in a failed coup in favor of Tamar's disgraced husband, George the Rus'.[6] Botso's subsequent fate is not clear;[7] he seems to have been deprived by Tamar of his patrimonial castle of Jaqi as well as of his possession and command of Samtskhe for these dignities then appear as belonging to Ivane-Qvarqvare Jaqeli, Botso's kinsman[6] and, according to Toumanoff, his possible brother.[1]

Botso's sons and descendants were known as Botsosdze. His elder son, Memna, also known as Ivane, was killed, being in charge of the defense of Tbilisi against the Khwarazmian army in 1226. A younger son, Botso (died c. 1283), also took part in this battle, commanding the last stand at Isani.[8] This Botso was married to Vaneni, daughter of Ivane Abuserisdze, duke of Adjara, and sister of the scholar Tbeli Abuserisdze.[1] The Botsosdze are last heard of with Shalva in the 1260s. By 1516, their estates in Samtskhe appear in possession of the Oladashvili family.[9]

Notes

1. Toumanoff 1990, p. 214.
2. Bakhtadze 2010, pp. 9, 66.
3. Bakhtadze 2010, pp. 3, 9, 66.
4. Bakhtadze 2010, p. 11.
5. Bakhtadze 2010, pp. 10–11.
6. Bakhtadze 2010, p. 12.
7. Peacock 2012, p. 50.
8. Bakhtadze 2010, pp. 14–17.
9. Bakhtadze 2010, p. 17.

References

• Bakhtadze, Mikheil (2010). ჯაყელთა საგვარეულოს ისტორია XI-XV საუკუნეებში [History of the Jaqeli family from the 11th to the 15th century] (in Georgian). Tbilisi: Artanuji. ISBN 9789994055456.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Peacock, Andrew (2012). "Between Georgia and the Islamic world: the atabegs of Samc'xe and the Turks". In Beyazit, Deniz (ed.). At the Crossroads of Empires: 14th-15th century Eastern Anatolia. Varia Anatolica. 25. Paris and Istanbul: Institut français d'études anatoliennes. pp. 49–70. ISBN 978-2-36245-002-0.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Toumanoff, Cyrille (1990). Les dynasties de la Caucasie Chrétienne: de l'Antiquité jusqu'au XIXe siècle: tables généalogiques et chronologique [Dynasties of Christian Caucasia from Antiquity to the 19th century: genealogical and chronological tables] (in French). Rome.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)