Brachybacterium

Brachybacterium is a genus of Gram positive, nonmotile bacteria. The cells are coccoid during the stationary phase, and irregular rods during the exponential phase. The genus name comes from Greek word brachy, meaning short, and Latin bacterium, meaning rods, referencing the short rods noted during the exponential phase.[6]

Brachybacterium
Scientific classification
Domain:	Bacteria
Phylum:	Actinobacteria
Class:	Actinobacteria
Family:	Dermabacteraceae[1]
Genus:	Brachybacterium Collins 1988
Species
B. alimentarium B. aquaticum B. conglomeratum B. endophyticum[2] B. faecium B. fresconis B. ginsengisoli B. horti[3] B. huguangmaarense B. massiliense[4] B. muris B. nesterenkovii B. paraconglomeratum B. phenoliresistens B. rhamnosum B. sacelli B. saurashtrense B. squillarum B. tyrofermentans B. zhongshanense[5]

The type strain of the genus, Brachybacterium faecium, was first isolated from poultry deep litter in 1966 along with several other species.[7] Speciation of the strains was performed in 1975, but three of the strains did not cluster with any known taxon.[8] In 1988, further work was performed on the previously unclassified organisms, and the current genus was proposed.[6] Brachybacteria have been isolated from a stool sample of a healthy three-year-old girl,[4] garden soil,[3] Beaufort cheese, medieval wall paintings, a mouse liver, roots, salt fermented seafood, oil-contaminated coastal sand, sediment samples, and seawater.[5][9] A strain of Brachybacterium has been indicated as the cause of bloodborne infection in an 83 year-old man.[10]

References

1. Liu Y, Xie QY, Shi W, Li L, An JY, Zhao YM, Hong K. Brachybacterium huguangmaarense sp. nov., isolated from Lake sediment. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 2014 May 1;64(5):1673-8.
2. Tuo, Li; Yan, Xiao-Rui; Li, Fei-Na; Bao, Yu-Xin; Shi, Hui-Chang; Li, Hong-Ying; Sun, Cheng-Hang (1 November 2018). "Brachybacterium endophyticum sp. nov., a novel endophytic actinobacterium isolated from bark of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 68 (11): 3563–3568. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.003032. PMID 30230442.
3. Singh H, Du J, Yang JE, Yin CS, Kook M, Yi TH. Brachybacterium horti sp. nov., isolated from garden soil. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 2016 Jan 1;66(1):189-95.
4. Alou MT, Cadoret F, Brah S, Diallo A, Sokhna C, Mehrej V, Lagier JC, Fournier PE, Raoult D. “Khelaifiella massiliensis”,“Niameybacter massiliensis”“Brachybacterium massiliense”“Enterobacter timonensis”,“Massilibacillus massiliensis”, new bacterial species and genera isolated from the gut microbiota of healthy infants. New Microbes and New Infections. 2017 Mar 29.
5. Kaur G, Kumar N, Mual P, Kumar A, Kumar RM, Mayilraj S. Brachybacterium aquaticum sp. nov., a novel actinobacterium isolated from seawater. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 2016 Nov 1;66(11):4705-10.
6. Collins, M.D., Brown J., and Jones, D. Brachybacterium faecium gen. nov. sp. nov. a Coryneform Bacterium from Poultry Deep Litter. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, Vol. 38, No. 1. Jan. 1988, p. 45-48.
7. Schefferle, H. E. 1966. Coryneform bacteria in poultry deep litter. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 29:147-160.
8. Jones, D. 1975. A numerical taxonomic study of coryneform and related bacteria. J. Gen. Microbiol. 8752-96.
9. Gontia, I., Kavita, K., Schmid, M., Hartmann, A. and Jha, B., 2011. Brachybacterium saurashtrense sp. nov., a halotolerant root-associated bacterium with plant growth-promoting potential. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 61(12), pp.2799-2804.
10. Tamai, Kiyoko; Akashi, Yusaku; Yoshimoto, Yuta; Yaguchi, Yuji; Takeuchi, Yosuke; Shiigai, Masanari; Igarashi, Jun; Hirose, Yumi; Suzuki, Hiromichi; Ohkusu, Kiyofumi (December 2018). "First case of a bloodstream infection caused by the genus Brachybacterium". Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy. 24 (12): 998–1003. doi:10.1016/j.jiac.2018.06.005. PMID 30007866.