Bridge Protocol Data Unit

Bridge Protocol Data Units (BPDUs) are frames that contain information about the spanning tree protocol (STP). A switch sends BPDUs using a unique source MAC address from its origin port to a multicast address with destination MAC (01:80:C2:00:00:00,[1] or 01:00:0C:CC:CC:CD for Cisco proprietary Per VLAN Spanning Tree).[2]

There are two kinds of BPDUs for 802.1D Spanning Tree:[3]

  • Configuration BPDU, sent by root bridges to provide information to all switches.
  • TCN (Topology Change Notification), sent by bridges towards the root bridge to notify changes in the topology, such as port up or port down.

By default the BPDUs are sent every 2 seconds.

References
  1. Finn, Norman. "Provider Bridge Layer 2 Protocols" (PDF). IEEE 802 LAN/MAN Standards Committee. Retrieved 20 October 2017.
  2. "Understanding Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (802.1w)" (HTML). Cisco Systems. 1 August 2017. Retrieved 20 March 2020.
  3. IEEE Computer Society. "802.1D IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks Media Access Control (MAC) Bridges". Retrieved 20 March 2020.
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