Bromberg-Ost

Bromberg-Ost concentration camp
	1
1	German aerial photograph of Bromberg-Ost with concentration camp location marked in red
Operation
Period	12 September 1944 – 20 January 1945
Prisoners	Averaging 300 female prisoners

Bromberg-Ost (German: Konzentrationslager Bromberg-Ost) was the female subcamp of the German Nazi concentration camp KL Stutthof between 1944-1945, set up in the city of Bydgoszcz during the later stages of World War II.

The mostly Jewish women prisoners dispatched from the main camp in Sztutowo worked as slave-labour for the German railways; loading cargo, clearing and repairing tracks, and digging ditches. The commandant of the camp was SS-Scharführer Anton Kniffke.

History

The direct order to set up the Bromberg-Ost subcamp was issued on 12 September 1944, by the superintendent of Stutthof concentration camp, Paul Werner Hoppe. The camp was situated between Kamienna and Fabryczna Streets. The following day the first 300 women prisoners were sent there under the control of seven female overseers belonging to Schutzstaffel (SS). No warm clothing was provided before mid-December. Women who managed to survive were taken on a death march to Sachsenhausen-Oranienburg.[1]

From June 1944 until March 1945 the position of Oberaufseherin in Bromberg-Ost was held by Johanna Wisotzki,[2] while among guards reassigned to Bromberg-Ost from Stutthof were the notoriously cruel aufseherinnen Herta Bothe [died March 2000], Ewa Paradies [Hanged 1946] and Gerda Steinhoff [Hanged 1946]who took part in selections of prisoners to be sent to the gas chambers.

A group of thirteen ex-officials and overseers of the Bromberg-Ost and Stutthof concentration camps were tried and convicted of crimes against humanity at the Stutthof trials, the war crime tribunals held at Gdańsk, Poland, from April 25, 1946, to May 31, 1946. Eleven convicts were sentenced to death, while the remainder were sentenced to various terms of imprisonment.[3]

Notes

Damian Karaszewski (2013), Obóz Bromberg-Ost (Aussenarbeitslager Bromberg-Ost). Firtel bydgoski.
Female guards in Nazi concentration camps: names, and ranks
Janina Grabowska (22 January 2009). "Odpowiedzialność za Zbrodnie Popełnione w Stutthofie. Procesy" [Responsibility for the Atrocities Committed at Stutthof. The trials.]. KL Stutthof, Monografia. Archived from the original (Internet Archive) on January 22, 2009. Retrieved 12 November 2014.

References

Benjamin B. Ferencz, Less Than Slaves: Jewish Forced Labor and the Quest for Compensation
Female guards in Nazi concentration camps. Gerda Steinhoff

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[firtelbydgoski-1] Damian Karaszewski (2013), Obóz Bromberg-Ost (Aussenarbeitslager Bromberg-Ost). Firtel bydgoski.

[2] Female guards in Nazi concentration camps: names, and ranks

[Grabowska-3] Janina Grabowska (22 January 2009). "Odpowiedzialność za Zbrodnie Popełnione w Stutthofie. Procesy" [Responsibility for the Atrocities Committed at Stutthof. The trials.]. KL Stutthof, Monografia. Archived from the original (Internet Archive) on January 22, 2009. Retrieved 12 November 2014.