C. F. Goldie

Charles Frederick Goldie OBE (20 October 1870 – 11 July 1947) was a New Zealand artist, best known for his portrayal of Māori dignitaries.

For the New Zealand art forger known as Carl F. Goldie, see Karl Sim.
Charles Frederick Goldie
Born(1870-10-20)20 October 1870
Auckland, New Zealand
Died11 July 1947(1947-07-11) (aged 76)
Auckland, New Zealand
Known forPaintings of Māori dignitaries

Early life

Goldie was born in Auckland on 20 October 1870. He was named after his maternal grandfather, Charles Frederick Partington, who built the landmark Auckland windmill. His father, David Goldie, was a prominent timber merchant and politician, and a strict Primitive Methodist who resigned as Mayor of Auckland rather than toast the visiting Duke and Duchess of Cornwall and York with alcohol. His mother, Maria Partington, was an amateur artist and encouraged his artistic ability. Goldie was educated at Auckland Grammar School, and while still at school won several prizes from the Auckland Society of Arts and the New Zealand Art Students' Association.

Art education

Goldie studied art part-time under Louis John Steele,[1] after leaving school to work in his father's business. A former Governor of New Zealand, Sir George Grey, was impressed by two of Goldie's still-life paintings that were being exhibited at the Auckland Academy of Art (Steele's art society, of which Goldie was honorary secretary) in 1891, and he talked David Goldie into permitting his son to undertake further art training abroad.

Goldie went to Paris to study at the famous Académie Julian.[2] where Goldie received a strong grounding in drawing and painting.

Artistic career
Portrait of C. F. Goldie in his studio with Patara Te Tuhi, attributed Alfred Hill, ca. 1905-1910, from mounted silver gelatin print, SLNSW PXE 1402

He returned to New Zealand in 1898 and established the "French Academy of Art" with Louis J. Steele, who had been his tutor prior to his departure. They shared a studio and collaborated on the large painting The Arrival of the Māoris in New Zealand,[3][1][4] based on Théodore Géricault's The Raft of the Medusa.[5] It depicting exhausted, starved and stormtossed Polynesian mariners sighting land after a long journey by catamaran. Its representation of a starving crew and fanciful canoe was disdained by contemporary Māori.[6] However, its artistic merits were praised at the time and is said to have launched Goldie's career.[1]

Goldie and Steele parted ways not long afterwards and Goldie established his own studio, Steele apparently resenting the attention accorded to his former pupil.[4][1] From 1901 he made field trips to meet, sketch and photograph Māori people in their own locations, and he also paid Māori visitors to Auckland to sit for him. Most of these were chiefs visiting the Native Land Court.

Steele trod a path established by Steele's Maori history paintings and portraits of tattooed chiefs. Also influential was his brother William, who in 1901 wrote an article that contradicted predictions of the demise of the Maori and later the journalist and historian James Cowan.[4]

By far the majority of Goldie's subjects were elderly, tattooed Māori of considerable standing in their own society. (The practice of tattooing (Tā moko) was no longer current at the time, and the remaining examples were mostly elderly; it was also a practice largely confined to high-status individuals.)

Goldie dedicated his life to painting the Maori chiefs, Maori leaders and their communities who also became his friends. He lived with them on their various marae and spoke fluent Maori. He wanted to preserve the heritage of the Maori people, whom he admired. Some critics was the fine detail in is paintings as evidence that he painted from photographs, which he did not.

An oil portrait of Ina Te Papatahi by Goldie (1902).

On 31 October 1920 Goldie traveled to Sydney, where on 18 November at the age of 50 he married 35-year-old Olive Ethelwyn Cooper, an Australian by birth but a resident of Auckland. They did not have any children.

Goldie's health eventually deteriorated through lead poisoning (from the lead white used to prepare his canvases). In order to create the finest of detail in his paintings, he would lick the end of his paint brush to ensure an even finer tip. This was a relatively common practice at that time. He produced little work in the 1920s. Encouraged by the Governor-General, Lord Bledisloe, Goldie resumed painting around 1930; in 1934 and 1935 he exhibited at the Royal Academy of Arts in London, and in 1935, 1938 and 1939; the Salon of the Société des artistes français.

He stopped painting in 1941 and died on 11 July 1947 aged 76.[4]

Known sitters

Goldie was Auckland based and his subjects were mainly those from the tribes in the upper North Island.

  • Wiripine Ninia of Ngati Awa[7]
Te Aho-o-te-Rangi Wharepu of Ngati Mahuta (1905)
  • Te Aho te Rangi Wharepu of Ngati Mahuta[8]
  • Ina Te Papatahi (also known as Ena) of Nga Puhi[9]
  • Harata Rewiri Tarapata of Nga Puhi[10]

Honours

In 1935, Goldie was awarded the King George V Silver Jubilee Medal.[11] Soon after, he was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire for services to art in New Zealand in the 1935 King's Birthday and Silver Jubilee Honours.[12]

Legacy

Goldie's work is associated with the contemporary belief that the Māori were a "dying race". Many Māori value his images of their ancestors highly. On the rare occasions they are offered for sale they fetch high prices, among the highest for New Zealand paintings. Goldie is considered among the most important New Zealand artists, and the prices fetched reflect this view. In 2016 The International Art Gallery sold Goldie's last great artwork. The 1941 oil portrait of Wharekauri Tahuna was the first painting in New Zealand history to break the $1 million mark, reaching a top price of $1.175 million.[13] In March 2008, NZ$400,000 (NZ$454,000 including buyer's premium) was paid at an International Art Centre auction in Auckland for the painting "Hori Pokai - Sleep, 'tis a gentle thing.[14] Earlier, NZ$530,000 ($589,625 including buyer's premium) was achieved for a Goldie work in an online auction conducted by Fisher Galleries. On 19 November 2010 opera diva Dame Kiri Te Kanawa sold the oil on canvas "Forty Winks", a portrait of Rutene Te Uamairangi for $573,000. This is the most paid for a painting at auction in New Zealand.

Many Goldies are held in public collections, including those at the Auckland Art Gallery, the Auckland Institute and Museum, and the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa. Some descendants of Maori represented in Goldie's paintings object to them being sold as prints.[15]

Forgeries by Karl Sim

The convicted art forger Karl Sim changed his name legally to Carl Feodor Goldie in the 1980s in order to be able to "legitimately" sign his Goldie copies "C.F. Goldie". He no longer tries to pass them off as by the original C.F. Goldie, however. He published an autobiography with Tim Wilson in 2003 called Good as Goldie.[16]

Notes
  1. "Sir Logan Campbell portrait for sale after 100 year absence". The New Zealand Herald. July 3, 2017. Retrieved August 9, 2017.
  2. Ian Chilvers, The Oxford Dictionary of Art, p.299
  3. http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/pdfs/vol7no5_pdf-version.pdf
  4. Blackley, Roger. "Goldie, Charles Frederick". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved August 9, 2017.
  5. "The Arrival of the Maoris in New Zealand". Auckland Art Gallery. Retrieved August 9, 2017.
  6. wwwnc.cdc.gov, Pdf
  7. "MANA-A-IWI/MANA OF THE PEOPLE". Te Huringa / Turning Points. The Fletcher Trust Collections. Archived from the original on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 19 March 2011.
  8. "'All 'e Same t'e Pakeha' (Te Aho-o-te-Rangi Wharepu, Ngãti Mahuta), 1905". eHive. Dunedin Public Art Gallery. Retrieved 19 March 2011.
  9. "Darby and Joan [Ina Te Papatahi, Nga Puhi], 1903". Collections Online. Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa. Retrieved 19 March 2011.
  10. "The widow (Harata Rewiri Tarapata, Nga Puhi), 1903". Collections Online. Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa. Retrieved 19 March 2011.
  11. "Official jubilee medals". Evening Post. 6 May 1935. p. 4. Retrieved 2 July 2013.
  12. "No. 34166". The London Gazette (Supplement). 31 May 1935. p. 3609.
  13. http://radionz.co.nz/300828%5B%5D
  14. "Goldie fetches record price". Stuff.co.nz. NZPA. March 20, 2008. Archived from the original on February 23, 2013. Retrieved August 9, 2017.
  15. http://blog.prints.co.nz/2009/05/prints-of-maori-portraits-painted-by.html
  16. Blackley, Roger (March 1, 2003). "Forging on, Roger Blackley". New Zealand Books: A quarterly review. Missing or empty |url= (help), ISBN 1869589076

References
  • C.F.Goldie: Famous Māori Leaders of New Zealand by Alister Taylor (Alister Taylor Publishers, Auckland, 1993).
  • C.F. Goldie - Official website of forger Karl Sim aka C.F. Goldie (link dead 31 Oct, 2008)

Further reading
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