Castinus

Flavius Castinus held the position of patricius in the court of Roman Emperor Honorius at the time of the Emperor's death, and most likely for some time before. He also served as consul for the year 424.

Career

In 422 he fought an unsuccessful campaign in Hispania to subdue the Vandals. He was sent to support the Suevi or Suebians, enemies of the Vandals, and came with a force of Gothic foederati. However, the campaign was compromised at the very beginning when, according to one source, "his haughty and inept exercise of command" led to a quarrel between him and the military tribune Bonifacius, a protégé of Empress Galla Placidia. Bonifacius abruptly left the expedition, eventually arriving in Africa, where he began to build up a power base. Castinus continued on to Hispania, where at first he had considerable success against the Vandals in Baetica, managing to put them under a blockade and coming close to forcing them to surrender. Unfortunately at this point the Gothic auxiliaries betrayed him in some unspecified manner, which led to his defeat at the Battle of Tarraco; Castinus was forced to fall back to Tarraco (Tarragona).[1]

The sudden death of the nonentity Emperor Honorius 15 August 423, which followed the death of the more active Constantius III (421) and the exile of Empress Galla Placidia to Constantinople (Spring 423), created a power vacuum "if it can be so described", observes John Matthews, which "was filled, as we should expect, by usurpation."[2] The Eastern Emperor Theodosius II hesitated to nominate a new emperor of the West; Stewart Oost points out that with Honorius' death, "technically and legally he became sole ruler of the whole Roman Empire". Oost also argues that Theodosius reached an agreement with Castinus, where Castinus would act as his vice-regent in the West and in return Theodosius appointed Castinus and the Easterner Victor consuls for 424.[3] If such an agreement was made, Castinus broke it when he joined in declaring Joannes, the senior civil servant, as the new Western Emperor in late 423.[2]

Joannes was an insecure emperor. The Emperor Theodosius invested his young cousin Valentinian III with the honor of Caesar the next year, then dispatched an army against Joannes. The usurper was captured and executed in June/July 425.[4] Castinus's role in these events is unknown; Oost notes of his "acts during the usurper's reign we hear absolutely nothing."[5] Matthews succinctly states that Castinus was sent into exile;[6] while agreeing with Matthews, Oost adds that a "doubtful source says that he found refuge in the Christian magnanimity of another old foe, Count Boniface of Africa."[5]

References

1. Stewart Oost, Galla Placidia Augusta (Chicago: University Press, 1968), pp. 172f.
2. Matthews, Western Aristocracies and Imperial Court AD 364 - 425 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990), p. 379
3. Oost, Galla Placidia Augusta, pp. 178f. Oost follows Ernst Stein's identification of the consul of 424 with the Patrician; see p. 179 n. 35 for the bibliography of the discussion.
4. Matthews, Western Aristocracies, p. 380; Oost, Galla Placidia Augusta, pp. 183 - 189
5. Oost, Galla Placidia Augusta, p. 190
6. Matthews, Western Aristocracies, p.381