Cavaedium

Cavaedium, in architecture, is the Latin name for a partially roofed main room or atrium within a Roman house, of which five types are described by Vitruvius:[1]

1. The atrium tuscanicum corresponds to the greater number apparently of those at Pompeii, in which the timbers of the roof are framed together, so as to leave an open space in the center, known as the compluvium. It was through this opening that all the light was received, not only in the hall itself, but in the rooms around. The rain from the roof was collected in gutters around the compluvium, and discharged from thence into a tank or open basin in the floor called the impluvium.[1]
2. In the atrium tetrastylum additional support was required in consequence of the dimensions of the hall; this was given by columns placed at the four angles of the impluvium.[1]
3. Atrium corinthium is the name given to the type where additional columns were required.[1]
4. In the atrium displuviatum the roofs, instead of sloping down towards the compluvium, sloped outwards, the gutters being on the outer walls; there was still an opening in the roof, and an impluvium to catch the rain falling through. This species of roof, Vitruvius states, is constantly in want of repair, as the water does not easily run away, owing to the stoppage in the rainwater pipes.[1]
5. The atrium testudinatum was employed when the hall was small and another floor was built over it; no example of this type has been found at Pompeii, and only one of the atrium displuviatum.[1]

Notes

1. Anonymous 1911.

References

•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Anonymous (1911). "Cavaedium". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.