Cedric Popkin

Cedric Bassett Popkin (20 June 1890 – 26 January 1968) is considered a likely person to have killed German ace Manfred von Richthofen, known as the "Red Baron", on 21 April 1918.[1][2] Popkin was an anti-aircraft (AA) machine gunner with the First Australian Imperial Force (AIF) during the First World War.

Cedric Bassett Popkin
Group portrait of the officers and NCOs of the 24th Machine Gun Company in March 1918. Sergeant Cedric Popkin is second from the right in the middle row.
Born20 June 1890
Sydney, NSW, Australia
Died26 January 1968 (aged 77)
Tweed Heads, NSW, Australia
Buried
Brisbane, QLD, Australia
Allegiance Australia
Service/branch Australian Army
Years of service1916–1919
RankSergeant
Unit4th Division
Battles/warsWorld War I
Other workCarpenter

Early life

Popkin was born in Sydney on 20 June 1890 and was a carpenter by trade. When he enlisted in the AIF, in Brisbane on 6 May 1916, he was living in Palmwoods, Queensland.

Military career

Popkin left Australia on 20 October with the 6th Reinforcements, 7th Machine Gun Company on HMAT Port Lincoln. By April 1918, Popkin – who had achieved the rank of Sergeant – was a gunner in the 24th Machine Gun Company, part of the Australian 4th Division, which was stationed in the Somme Valley, France.

Death of the Red Baron

At about 10:35 a.m. on 21 April, Richthofen, flying his red Fokker Dr.I, engaged Sopwith Camels from 209 Squadron, Royal Air Force (RAF). He pursued a Camel piloted by a Canadian, Lieutenant Wilfrid May. In turn the Baron was chased by another Canadian pilot, Captain Roy Brown. The three planes flew over Morlancourt Ridge, in the 4th Division's sector, and Popkin – using a Vickers machine gun – and other Australian machine gunners and riflemen also fired at Richthofen. The Baron was hit by a 0.303 calibre bullet which passed diagonally from right to left through his chest. He then made a hasty but controlled landing, in a field on a hill near the Bray-Corbie road, just north of Vaux-sur-Somme. One witness, Gunner George Ridgway, stated that when he and other Australian soldiers reached the plane, Richthofen was still alive but died moments later.[3] Another eyewitness, Sergeant Ted Smout, reported that Richthofen's last word was "kaputt" ("finished") immediately before he died.[4]

The RAF credited the "kill" to Brown, although it is now considered all but certain by historians, doctors, and ballistics experts that Richthofen was actually killed by an AA machine gunner firing from the ground. The identity of the person who shot the Baron remains uncertain; 0.303 ammunition was the standard ammunition for all machine guns and rifles used by British Empire forces during World War I. Many experts believe that the shot probably came from Popkin,[3] though some believe that William John "Snowy" Evans may have been responsible.[5] Autopsies revealed that the wound which killed the Baron was caused by a bullet moving in an upward motion. It was reported that a spent .303 bullet was found inside Richthofen's clothing. These facts, and the angle at which the bullet passed through Richthofen's body, suggest that he was killed by a long distance, low velocity shot from a ground-based weapon. Many Australian riflemen were also shooting at the Baron at the time, so one of them may have fired the fatal shot. However, Popkin was an experienced AA gunner, the volume of fire from the Vickers was far greater (at least 450 rounds per minute) than the bolt-action Lee–Enfield rifles (up to 30 rounds per minute) used by the infantry, and Popkin was the only machine gunner known to have fired at Richthofen from the right, and from a long distance, immediately before he landed.

Wounding and later life

On 19 June 1918, Popkin received a shrapnel wound to his right leg, which was later amputated. He was invalided back to Australia on 5 January 1919, arriving on 7 March.[6] After being discharged from the army, he worked once more as a carpenter. He spent most of the remainder of his life in Tweed Heads and the Northern Rivers region of New South Wales. He died in Tweed Heads on 26 January 1968 at the age of 77. He is buried in Mt Thompson memorial garden Mt Gravatt Brisbane Qld.Columbarium 12 section 22

In 1964, Popkin told the Brisbane Courier-Mail: "I am fairly certain it was my fire which caused the Baron to crash, but it would be impossible to say definitely that I was responsible ... As to pinpointing without doubt the man who fired the fatal shot, the controversy will never actually be resolved."[7]

Planned memorial

A memorial to Popkin is being planned for the hinterland town of Palmwoods by the local RSL sub-branch.[8]

A memorial to Popkin is planned for the village of Tyalgum, NSW, where he was postmaster, by local residents in November 2018.

Footnotes
  1. Miller, Dr. Geoffrey. "The Death of Manfred von Richthofen: Who fired the fatal shot?" Sabretache: Journal and Proceedings of the Military History Society of Australia, vol. XXXIX, no. 2, 1998.
  2. NOVA, 2003, "Who Killed the Red Baron? Explore Competing Theories" (Public Broadcasting Service)
  3. Miller 1988
  4. Discovery Channel, 2002, Unsolved History: Death of the Red Baron (television documentary)
  5. Unsolved History: Death of the Red Baron, 2002, Discovery Channel
  6. See Popkin, C. B. service records. Accessed at
  7. NOVA 2003
  8. http://www.couriermail.com.au/news/queensland/cedric-popkin-the-aussie-credited-with-bringing-down-ace-wartime-pilot-the-red-baron-to-be-honoured-at-palmwoods/story-fnn8dlfs-1227220030270
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