Central Electricity Board

The United Kingdom Central Electricity Board was established by the Electricity (Supply) Act 1926. It had the duty to supply electricity to authorised electricity undertakers, to determine which power stations would be 'selected' stations to generate electricity for the Board, to provide main transmission lines to interconnect selected stations and electricity undertakers, and to standardise generating frequency.

Central Electricity Board
TypeGovernment Regulatory Body
IndustryEnergy: Electricity
FateIndustry nationalisation
SuccessorBritish Electricity Authority
FoundedFebruary 1927
Defunct31 March 1948
HeadquartersTrafalgar Buildings, 1 Charing Cross,
London SW1
,
United Kingdom
Area served
Great Britain
Key people
See section in text
ServicesRegulation of electricity industry
Number of employees
1248 (1934)

History

In 1925 Lord Weir chaired a committee that proposed the creation of the Central Electricity Board (CEB) to link the UK’s most efficient power stations with consumers via a ‘national gridiron’. At that time, the industry consisted of more than 600 electricity supply companies and local authority undertakings, and different areas operated at different voltages and frequencies (including DC in some places). The Board's first chairman was Andrew Duncan.

The CEB established the UK's first synchronised AC grid, running at 132 kilovolts and 50 Hertz, which by 1933 was a collection of local grids, with emergency interlinks, covering most of England. This started operating as a national system, the National Grid, in 1938.

After completion of the National Grid the role of the CEB changed from planning and construction to operating and managing the regional grid systems.[1]

The CEB established laboratories at Croydon and Waddon to undertake research on high voltage transmission problems.[2]

The CEB coexisted with the Electricity Commissioners, an industry regulator responsible to the Ministry of Transport.

The CEB ceased to exist when the electricity industry was nationalised by the Electricity Act 1947 and taken over by the British Electricity Authority.

Key people

Chairmen

There were four chairmen of the Central Electricity Board between 1927 and 1948:

  • Sir Andrew Duncan (1884–1952), Chairman 1927–35.
  • Sir Archibald Page (1875–1949), Chairman 1935–44.[3]
  • Harold Hobson, Chairman 1944–46.
  • Sir Johnstone Wright (1883–1953), Chairman 1947–48.[4]

The Board

Upon its establishment in 1927 the Board comprised a full-time Chairman and seven part time members, all appointed by the Minister of Transport.[5] The inaugural part-time members were:

  • Sir James Lithgow (1883–1952), businessman.
  • Sir Duncan Watson, former Chairman of the London and Home Counties Joint Electricity Authority.
  • Sir James Lyne Devonshire (1863–1946), Vice-President of Tramways, Light Railways and Transport Association.[6]
  • William Walker, vice chair of Manchester Corporation Electricity Committee.
  • Walter Kennedy Whigham (1878–1948), Director of the Bank of England.
  • Vernon Willey (1884–1982) (Lord Barnby).
  • Frank Hodges, labour representative, Secretary to the International Miners’ Federation.

Other key CEB staff

Under the Board were a General Manager, Secretary, Chief Engineer, Commercial Manager and support sections.[5] Some key people were:

  • Sir John Brooke, Secretary to the Board; an Electricity Commissioner from 1929.
  • Sir Archibald Page (1875–1945), Chief Engineer and General Manager; CEB Chairman from 1935–44; a former Electricity Commissioner.
  • Harold Hobson, Supply Engineer; Commercial Manager 1932–35; General Manager from 1935; CEB Chairman 1944–46.
  • Sir Johnstone Wright (1883–1953), Deputy Chief Engineer; Chief Engineer 1933–44; General Manager 1944–47; CEB Chairman 1947–8.
  • David Coates, Chief accountant, Finance Officer.
  • Richard Hodding Fox, Board solicitor, Secretary to the Board from 1929.
  • J.W. Beauchamp, Commercial Manager 1935–37.
  • Edgar R. Wilkinson, Commercial Manager from 1937.
  • Sir Ralph Lewis Wedgwood (1874–1956), Board Member from 1930.
  • R.P. Sloan, Board Member from 1936.
  • Sir Andrew Watson, Board Member from 1939.
  • Lord Barnby (1884-1982), Board Member from 1940.

Earley power station

In 1940 the Electricity Commissioners in agreement with the Central Electricity Board proposed a programme of new generating capacity to mitigate war risks and the growth in demand associated with the development of munitions factories.[2] The programme entailed the installation of 180 MW of plant in four existing stations and two new stations one at Earley east of Reading (51:27.6899N 0:55.5858W) and the other at Castle Meads, Gloucester.[2] Earley was the only power station owned by the CEB; it was operated by Edmundson’s Electricity Corporation until nationalisation in 1948.

The supply from Earley commenced on 8 December 1942, only 22 months after the start of construction.[2] The plant initially comprised a Parsons 40 MW steam turbo-alternator fed from three boilers with a total steam capacity of 600,000 lb/hr at 635 psi at 850°F (75.6 kg/s, 43.8 bar at 454°C).[7] The boilers were fed with pulverised coal. The plant was extended in 1944–45 with a second 40 MW set and boilers with a capacity of 400,000 lb/hr (50.4 kg/s).[7] A third 40 MW set with 400,000 lb/hr boilers was installed in 1945–47. In its final configuration there were seven International Combustion boilers each with a capacity of 200,000 lb/hr (25.2 kg/s).[7] Generation was at 33 kV and transmission at 33 kV and 132 kV. Cooling water was abstracted from the river.[7]

Upon nationalisation of the British electricity supply industry in 1948 the ownership of Earley power station was vested in the British Electricity Authority, and subsequently the Central Electricity Authority and the Central Electricity Generating Board (CEGB).[2]

Earley was also the site of a pioneering main-service gas turbine, this was a 56 MW machine driven by four Rolls Royce Avon jet engines and was commissioned in 1965. A second Diesel-fired gas turbine was installed later.[2]

The operating parameters and electricity output of Earley power station is given in the following table.[7][8][9][10]

Earley power station
Year Maximum output capacity, MW Running hours or load factor, % Electricity output, GWh Thermal efficiency, %
1946 (52.5 %) 376.312 25.18
1954 114 7635 396.879 24.71
1955 114 6947 400.616 24.46
1956 114 7078 418.775 25.00
1957 114 6577 398.312 24.95
1958 114 5988 325.201 24.46
1961 114 22.0 % 219.328 23.99
1962 114 24.3 % 242.594 24.31
1963 114 20.55 % 205.236 24.21
1967 114 37.7 % 376.772 24.35
111 (GT) 8.8 % 85.663 23.04
1972 114 28.4 % 284.703 23.82
111 (GT) 6.0 % 58.219 22.15
1979 111 (GT) 0.6 % 6.001 19.40
1981 111 (GT) – 0.145 –
1982 111 (GT) 0.1 % 1.265 14.35

The steam plant and generators were decommissioned in the 1970s. The gas-turbine plant and the whole station were decommissioned in 1982, the two chimneys demolished in 1982.

Locations

The CEB headquarters was at Trafalgar Buildings, 1 Charing Cross, London SW1. There was also an establishment at Horsley Towers, East Horsley, Surrey.

References
  1. Leslie Hannah p.122
  2. Electricity Council (1987). Electricity Supply in the United Kingdom: a Chronology. London: Electricity Council. pp. 48, 56. ISBN 085188105X.
  3. "ODNB Archibald Page". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. 24 September 2004. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
  4. "Johnstone Wright". Grace's Guide to British Industrial History. 13 January 2016. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
  5. Leslie Hannah pp. 103-08, 122-4
  6. "Sir James Lyne Devonshire". National Portrait Gallery. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
  7. Garrett, Frederick C. (ed) (1959). Garcke's Manual of Electricity Supply vol. 56 1958-9. London: Electrical Press. pp. A-53, A-120.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
  8. GEGB Annual report and Accounts, CEGB 1960/1, 1961/2,1962/3
  9. CEGB Statistical Yearbook 1972, 1978-9, 1981, 1982-82, CEGB
  10. Electricity Commission, Generation of Electricity in Great Britain year ended 31st December 1946. London: HMSO, 1947.

Further reading
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