Central Pashto

Central Pashto (Pashto: منځنۍ پښتو) (manźanəi pax̌to) are the middle dialects: Dzadrāṇi, Banusi and Waziri.[2][3]

Central Pashto
Native toAfghanistan, Pakistan
EthnicityPashtuns (Pax̌tūn)
Native speakers
6.5 million (2013)[1]
Arabic (Pashto alphabet)
Official status
Regulated byAcademy of Sciences of Afghanistan
Language codes
ISO 639-3pst
Glottologcent1973


Here is a comparison of Middle Dialects with South Eastern:

Central Dialects ښ ږ څ ځ ژ
Waziri ʃ ʒ t͡s d͡z ʒ
Dzadrāṇi[4] ç ʝ t͡s d͡z ʒ
Banusi[5] ʃ ʒ t͡s, s z ʒ

Zadrani

Daniel Septfonds provides the following example:[6]

Sentce Notes
Dzadrāṇi دا يې تو په اورشو کې ميږ پروتۀ يي

dā ye to pə oršó ke miʝ protə́ yi
  • The preposition يې

is used instead of the د /də/

[د+تا=ستا]

  • The first person plural يو changes to يي
  • The "ā" can change into "o" as in تا and پراتۀ
Standard دا ستا په ورشو کې موږ پراتۀ يو

dā sta pə waršó ke mung prātə́ yu

Meaning On this meadow of your's, we are lying/located.

Waziri

In Waziri Pashto there is also a vowel shift

In Waziri dialect the [ɑ] in most other dialects of Pashto becomes [ɔː] in Northern Waziri and [ɒː] in Southern Waziri.[7]

Meaning Standard Pashto N.Wazirwola S. Wazirwola
ماسته yougurt /mɑs.t̪əˈ/ /mɔːs.t̪əˈ/ /mɒːs.t̪əˈ/
پاڼه leaf /pɑˈ.ɳa/ /pɔːˈ.ɳjɛː/ /pɒːˈ.ɳjɛː/

In Waziri dialect the stressed [o] in most other dialects of Pashto becomes [œː] and [ɛː]. The [o] in general Pashto may also become [jɛ] or [wɛː]. [7]

Meaning Standard Pashto Wazirwola
لور sickle /lor/ /lœːr/
وړه flour /o.ɽəˈ/ /ɛː.ɽəˈ/
اوږه shoulder /o.ɡaˈ/ /jɛ.ɡaˈ/
اوس now /os/ /wɛːs/

In Waziri dialect the stressed [u] in general Pashto becomes [iː]. [8]

Meaning Standard Pashto Wazirwola
موږ we /muɡ/ /miːʒ/
نوم name /num/ /niːm/

When [u] in begins a word in general Pashto can become [wiː], [jiː] or [w[ɛ]]

Meaning Standard Pashto Wazirwola
اوم raw /um/ /jiːm/
اوږه garlic /uˈ.ɡa/ /wiːˈ.ʒa/
اوده asleep /u.d̪əˈ/ /wɜ.d̪əˈ/

Diphthongs in Waziri

A change is noticed:[9]

Standard Pronunciation Waziri
aɪ aɪ
aˈɪ
əˈɪ aˈɪ
oɪ oːi

œːi

uɪ oˈjə
aw
ɑi
ɑw

References
  1. Central Pashto at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
  2. "Glottolog 4.3 - Central Pashto". glottolog.org. Retrieved 2020-10-16.
  3. David, Anne Boyle (2014). Descriptive Grammar of Pashto and Its Dialects. De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 37–40. ISBN 978-1-61451-303-2.
  4. Septfonds, Daniel (1994). Le dzadrâni: un parler pashto du Paktyâ (Afghanistan) (in French). I. Peeters. ISBN 978-2-908322-16-3.
  5. Rensch, Calvin Ross (1992). Sociolinguistic Survey of Northern Pakistan: Pashto, Waneci, Ormuri. National Institute of Pakistan Studies, Quaid-i-Azam University. pp. 79–146.
  6. Septfonds, Daniel (1994). Le dzadrâni: un parler pashto du Paktyâ (Afghanistan) (in French). I. Peeters. p. 269. ISBN 978-2-908322-16-3.
  7. Kaye (1997), p. 748.
  8. Kaye (1997), p. 749.
  9. Kaye, Alan S. (1997-06-30). Phonologies of Asia and Africa: (including the Caucasus). Eisenbrauns. pp. 751–753. ISBN 978-1-57506-019-4.
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