Chaim Yitzchak Bloch Hacohen

Hayyim Yitzhak HaCohen Bloch (Hebrew: חיים יצחק בלוך הכהן‎; 1864-1948) was a prominent Lithuanian born rabbi. In 1922 he left Latvia for the United States, where he became the Rabbi and Av Beit Din (head judge of religious court) of Jersey City, New Jersey. He remained there until his death in 1948.[1][2][3]

Hayyim Yitzhak HaCohen Bloch
BornHayyim Yitzhak Bloch
October 21, 1864
Plungė, Lithuania
DiedMarch 18, 1948
Jersey City, New Jersey
Resting placeRiverside Cemetery, Saddle Brook, NJ
OccupationRabbi, Scholar, Community Activist
LanguageYiddish, Hebrew, Russian
NationalityLithuanian, American
CitizenshipUnited States
EducationYeshivas Grubin (Kelm), Yeshivas Volozhin
GenreTalmudics, Jewish Thought, Jewish Law
Notable awardsHonorary President of the Union of Orthodox Rabbis of the United States and Canada
SpouseHannah Schmidt
ChildrenAbraham, Max, Leo, Benjamin, Jona Sheftel ("Sam"), Elias, Ruth, Shaina Henna

Youth

Bloch was born in Plungė, Lithuania, on October 21, 1864 to an illustrious rabbinic family with family roots traced back to the Shakh and Isaiah Horowitz.[4][5] Until the age of 15, Bloch was taught Torah by his father, Rabbi Hanoch Zundel Bloch Hacohen, the local shochet of the town.[6][7] After his 15th birthday, Bloch left Plunge to study Torah by Rav Simha Zissel in Yeshivat Grobin.[8][9] Unique in its time, the Yeshivah at Grobin had a dual curriculum of Jewish and Secular studies.[10][11] Under the guidance of Rav Simcha Zissel, the young teenager grew very diligent in his Torah study and rose to an advanced level in Talmud.[12] Rav Simcha Zissel heavily emphasized the study of Mussar, which had a profound impact on young Bloch's personality for the rest of his life.[1][13][14]

Formative years

At the age of 18, Hayyim Bloch decided to leave Grobin and learn instead in the famed Volozhin Yeshiva under the illustrious Rabbi Hayyim Soloveitchik, the founder of the "Brisker Derech", and Rabbi Naftali Zvi Yehuda Berlin-the "Neziv".[15] Rabbi Solovietchik had a deep love and admiration for his young disciple,[16][17] and Bloch studied under him for seven years. In 1890, at the age of 25, Bloch was granted semikha by his teacher, Rabbi Hayyim Solovietchik, as well as by the Telzer Rosh Yeshiva, Harav Eliezer Gordon.[18][19] While in Volozhin, Bloch devoted much of his time to a study of the Ritba's commentary on the Talmud. For Bloch, the Ritba became his "master and teacher" in Talmud, and he was almost able to render his commentary on the Talmud by heart.[20] As a yeshivah student, Bloch wrote for the Slutzk journal, Yagdil Torah, as well as Migdal Torah, another Talmudic based periodical.[21][22] Although Bloch spent most of his time in Volozhin immersed in the intellectually stimulating world of conceptual talmudic study, he also (like many students in Volozhin at this time[23] ) explored other areas of thought, most notably the Haskala.[24] While in Volozhin, Bloch began writing for the Warsaw pro-Zionist pro Haskala daily, Ha-Zefirah,[25] and in 1887 at the age of 22, became editor of the column Wisdom of Israel.[21][26][27]

Rosh Yeshiva of Plunge Yeshiva

If Bloch had left his hometown of Plunge as a promising adolescent of 15, he now returned (1891) an accomplished talmudic scholar with rabbinic ordination from the most prestigious Yeshiva in Europe and a primary disciple of Rabbi Hayyim Solovietchik—a true rising star on the European rabbinic scene.[28][29] In the year 1895, Bloch founded a Yeshiva in Plunge for elite high-school aged students.[30][31][32] He was the Rosh Yeshiva and primary talmudic instructor at the Yeshiva for four years.[33] Rabbinical faculty members included Rabbi Shlomo Itzel, Rabbi Zelig, and Rabbi Ben-Zion Feldman.[34] During his tenure as Rosh Yeshiva, he oversaw the development of numerous budding torah scholars, including the future Ponevhzer Rav, Rav Yosef Kahaneman.[35][36] Bloch recognized Kahaneman's potential as a future leader of Jewry and showered him with special attention and praise.[37] Bloch taught the young Kahaneman at a pace appropriate for his abilities and age,[38] and is credited as being the teacher who inspired Kahaneman to greatness in Torah learning.[39]

Palongen Rabbinate

After serving for four years as the Rosh Yeshivah of the Yeshiva in Plunge, Bloch was appointed the communal rabbi and Av Beit Din (head of Jewish court) of nearby Palanga, a seaside town on the shore of the Baltic.[18][40][41] Bloch was also the officially appointed government Rabbi.[42][43] A year into his position as Rabbi, Bloch heard that his prized disciple Yosef Kahanemen had not gotten into the Telz Yeshiva. Bloch invited his student to Palongen to study with him, and after a year of assisting the budding scholar in his talmudics, Kahanemen applied to Telz and was accepted.[44][45]

Bauska Rabbinate

Following the departure of Rabbi Abraham Isaac Kook to head the Chief Rabbinate of Israel in 1904, the Bauska Jewish community decided to elect Rabbi Bloch as his successor.[46][47] Bauska, a town in the Courland Governorate, (now Latvia) was at the time under Russian control and had Russian residence laws on the books which precluded Lithuanian Jews from residing within Courland. Bloch, a Lithuanian, succeeded in receiving rights of residence by filling the then vacant position of government district rabbi, known in Russian as the "Kazyonny Ravvin". To receive this position, Bloch completed the equivalent of a six-year secondary school education.[30][48][49] Bloch was the only Russian rabbi to hold the dual post of communal rabbi and kazyonny ravvin.[50] Among the many duties of the kazyonny ravvin was the delivering of patriotic speeches on festivals and birthdays of the czars. They also supervised Jewish government schools, administered the oath to those who had been enlisted into the Russian army, and kept the records of births, marriages, and deaths in their communities.[51] He was Bauska rabbi from 1904 until 1915 and again from 1920 until 1922.

Scholarly works

Bloch was not only a beloved pulpit rabbi, but also a scholar of great erudition. Below is a list of Seforim (books) on Talmud, Halachah, and Ethics that Rabbi Bloch authored.

  • Divrei Hibah on Hidushei Haritba Mesechet Moed Katan (1935) [52]
  • Divrei Hibah on Hidushei Haritba Mesechet Meggilah (1937) [53]
  • Divrei Hibah on Hidushei Haritba Mesechet Makkot (1939) [54]
  • Divrei Hibah on Halachah(1941) [55]
  • Kovez Klalim (1934)- A Treatise on Stare Decisis in Jewish Law[56]
  • Ha-Moakh Ve-Ha-Lev (1935) - An ethical-philosophical work [56]
  • Likutei Harayiv (1904) (Anonymous)[57]
  • Hamavhin (1928) (Anonymous)[57]

Continuation of legacy

Rabbi Bloch's son, Rabbi Abraham P. Bloch was ordained at the Rabbi Issac Elchanan Theological Seminary and consequently became the Rabbi of Temple Petach Tikvah in Crown Heights. He also authored numerous scholarly books such as "Day by Day in Jewish History", "Midrashic Comments on the Torah", and " A book of Jewish Ethical Concepts."[58] Rabbi Abraham Bloch also continued in the tradition of his father by blending his pulpit duties with communal activism.

References
  1. Toldot Anshei Shem. p. 9.
  2. "Rabbi Chaim Bloch of Jersey City, 83" (PDF). New York Times. March 19, 1948.
  3. "Deaths" (PDF). New York Times. March 19, 1948.
  4. Encyclopedia of Religious Zionism. p. 296.
  5. Bloch, Chaim. Divrei Chibo:Moed Katan. Introduction.
  6. Raviner, Zeev. Bausk and its Rabbis. Sinai. p. 79.
  7. "Harav Chaim Leibowitz". Shaarei Zion. 11–13: 55.
  8. Rand, Asher. Toldot Anshei Shem. pp. 5–6.
  9. Sherman, Moshe. Orthodox Judaism in America: A Biographical Dictionary and Sourcebook. p. 31.
  10. Bloch, Abraham P. (1987). One a Day: An Anthology of Jewish Historical Anniversaries for Every Day of the Year. February 17. p. 50. ISBN 9780881251081.CS1 maint: location (link)
  11. Lamm, Norman (1990). Torah Umadda. Historical Precursors: Jason Aronson. p. 33.
  12. Raviner, Zev. Bausk and its Rabbis. Sinai. p. 79.
  13. Raviner, Harav Zeev Aryeh. Hagoan Eliezer Gordon. pp. 79–80.
  14. personal communication-R' Aaron Soloveitchik
  15. Rand, Asher. Toldot Anshei Shem. p. 5.
  16. Raviner, Zev. Sinai. p. 80.
  17. Raviner, Zev. Rabbi Eliezer Gordon. p. 184.
  18. Rand, Asher. Toldot Anshei Shem. p. 9.
  19. Sherman, Moshe. Orthodox Judaism in America: A Biographical Dictionary and Sourcebook. p. 31.
  20. Bloch, Hayyim Yitzhak. Divrei Chiba-Moed Katan. Introduction. p. 7.
  21. Sherman, Moshe. Orthodox Judaism in America: A Biographical Dictionary and Sourcebook. p. 32.
  22. Who's Who in America:1926. p. 63.
  23. Shachter, J.J. "Haskalah, Secular Studies, and the Close of the Yeshivah in Volozhin in 1892". Torah-Umadda. 1 (1).
  24. Rand, Asher. Toldot Anshei Shem. 5.CS1 maint: location (link)
  25. "Historical Jewish Press". Archived from the original on 2013-02-15.
  26. Landman, Isaak. The Universal Jewish Encyclopedia. Volume 2. p. 396.CS1 maint: location (link)
  27. Who's Who in American Jewry. 1926. p. 62.
  28. Sherman, Moshe (1996). Orthodox Judaism in America: A Biographical Dictionary and Sourcebook. ISBN 9780313243165.
  29. Raviner, Zeev. Sinai. Part 8. p. 80.CS1 maint: location (link)
  30. Sherman, Moshe (1996). Orthodox Judaism in America: A Biographical Dictionary and Sourcebook. p. 31. ISBN 9780313243165.
  31. Raviner, Zev. Sinai. p. 83.
  32. Samuel. Achad B'Doro. Footnote 8. p. 29.CS1 maint: location (link)
  33. "Pinkas Kehillot Lita". Yad Vashem.
  34. Shwartz, Yoel. Harav Mi'Ponovezh. Perek 2. p. 79.CS1 maint: location (link)
  35. Samuel. Achad B'doro. p. 30.
  36. Raviner, Zeev. Sinai. 83.CS1 maint: location (link)
  37. Samuel. Achad B'doro. p. 30.
  38. Shwartz, Yoel. Harav Mi'Ponovezh. pp. 80, 103.
  39. Shwartz, Yoel. Harav Miponovezh. Perek 4. p. 103.CS1 maint: location (link)
  40. Avzinsky, Levi (1909). Toldot Yeshivot Hayehudim B'Kuraland. p. 55.
  41. Who's Who in American Jewry. Marquis. 1926. p. 63.
  42. Encyclopedia Shel Hatzionut Hadatit. p. 295.
  43. Who's Who in American Jewry. Varda. 1926. p. 62.
  44. Shmuel. Achad B'doro. Chaper-Litelz. p. 35.
  45. Shwartz, Yoel. Harav Mi'Ponovezh. Perek 2. p. 81.CS1 maint: location (link)
  46. L Dribins, A Guttmanis, and M Vestermanis, "Latvia's Jewish Community: History, Tragedy, Survival", Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Latvia, ca. 2001. http://www.am.gov.lv/en/ministry/4265/4299/?print=on_LATVIA%27s_JEWISH_COMMUNITY:_HISTORY,_TRAGEDY,_REVIVAL%5B%5D , accessed 16 October 2008.
  47. Landman, Issak. The Universal Jewish Encyclopedia. p. 396.
  48. Bloch, Abraham P. One a Day: An Anthology of Jewish Historical Anniversaries for Every Day of the Year. p. 50.
  49. Encyclopedia Shel Hatziyonut Hadatit. p. 295.
  50. Bloch, Abraham P. One a Day: An Anthology of Jewish Historical Anniversaries for Every Day of the Year. Ktav. p. 50.
  51. "Kazyonny Ravvin".
  52. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2010-08-14. Retrieved 2010-09-30.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  53. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-06-17. Retrieved 2010-09-30.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  54. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2010-08-14. Retrieved 2010-09-30.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  55. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-06-17. Retrieved 2010-09-30.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  56. Sherman, Moshe (1996). Orthodox Judaism in America: A Biographical Dictionary and Sourcebook. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 31–32. ISBN 9780313243165.
  57. "Novellae by R. Hayyim Isaac Bloch". Archived from the original on 2016-03-04.
  58. Abraham P. Bloch
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