Chakrapani Datta

Chakrapani Datta (Bengali: চক্রপাণি দত্ত) was a Bengali Ayurveda practitioner and scholar who lived during the 11th century. In his lifetime, Datta was renowned for his significant contributions to the Ayurveda system of medicine, primarily through his academic commentaries on the primary texts on the field. He is considered to have had a notable impact on Indian medicine through his work.

Life

Chakrapani Datta was believed to have been born in the latter half of the 11th century in the village of Mayureswar, located in what is now West Bengal.[1] He was a Brahmin and belonged to a noble Vaidya family,[2][3] with his father having served as a kitchen superintendent for the Pala emperor, Nayapala.[4] His elder brother Bhanu is described as having been an Antaranga (learned physician).[5] A Pala courtier, Naradatta, acted as Datta's spiritual teacher.[6]

Datta began to gain prominence at a young age through his commentaries on the primary Ayurveda texts: the Charaka Samhita and the Sushruta Samhita.[4] Among his most celebrated works are Chikitsasamgraha (Collection of medical practices and procedures), Dravyaguna (Properties of plants), and Sarvasarsamgraha (Collection of the essence of things).[6] These discussed therapeutic, surgical and physiological treatments to disease and have led to him being regarded as an authority in Ayurveda medicine.[7] His being the first to incorporate metallic recipes among his creed is also considered notable, with one historian arguing that it "introduced a new era in medical science".[3][8]

Datta's accomplishments earned him the exalted titles of Charaka Cheturanana, Sushruta Sahasranayana and Mahamahopadhyaya.[3] His contributions to Sanskrit grammar and Nyaya philosophy are also considered to be noteworthy. They are most prominently shown through his compilation of the Shabdachandrika dictionary and annotations on Gauatama's Nyāya Sūtras respectively.[6]

Through his work, Datta amassed a significant fortune, allowing his descendants to become prominent zamindars, a role they continued in into the 20th century.[4]

References
  1. Sengupta, Jatindra Chandra (1975). West Bengal District Gazetteers: Birbhum. State editor, West Bengal District Gazetteers. p. 484.
  2. Srivastava, G. P. (1954). History of Indian pharmacy. Pindars Limited. p. 101.
  3. Subhaktha, P. K. J.P. (1992). Cakrapénidatta. Bulletin of the Indian Institute of History of Medicine. 22–23. Indian Institute of History of Medicine. p. 53.
  4. Srikantamurthy, K. R. (1968). Luminaries of Indian medicine: from the earliest times to the present day. p. 62.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  5. Majumdar, Ramesh Chandra (1943). The History of Bengal. University of Dacca. p. 316.
  6. Ghosh, Monoranjan (2014). "Chakrapani Datta". Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
  7. Srikantamurthy (1968, p. 63)
  8. Mazumder, Durga Prasad (1993). Dimensions of Political Culture in Bengal, 1814-1857: With Special Reference to Raja Rammohun Roy. Subarnarekha. p. 43.
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