Character orientation

Character orientation is how people relate to the world by acquiring and using things (assimilation) and by relating to self and others (socialization), and they can do so either nonproductively or productively. Erich Fromm is a theorist who came up with six different character orientations; Receptive, Exploitative, Hoarding, Necrophilous, Marketing and Productive.[1][2]

History

German-American psychoanalyst Erich Fromm was influenced by Freudian ideologies when coming up with the theory of character orientation. The basis of character orientation comes from Freud who said that character traits underlie behavior and that they must be inferred from it.[3] These character traits can be powerful forces which are totally unconscious to the person.[3] Fromm along with Freud believed that the most important aspect in one's character was not a single character trait, but rather, the total character organization from where many single character traits follow.[3] These character traits can be understood as a syndrome resulting from a particular character orientation.[3] In other words, the character of any given person is a blend of all, or some of the orientations, but where one is more predominant.[3]

Nonproductive orientation

Receptive orientation

They receive satisfaction from outside factors, and thus they passively wait for others to provide them with things that they need.[1] For example, they want someone to provide them with love and attention. They are not the ones to give these things away and often lose loved ones who are close to them because of their inabilities to talk about their feelings or troubles. They find it hard to let go of past issues, often trivial, and develop a feeling of a secure present and future. They tend to see minor, innocent things as a threat to their security with a spouse or loved one. A receptive person is known for his huge lack of creativity.[4][5]

Exploitative orientation

Exploitative-oriented people aggressively take what they want rather than passively receiving it.[1] These types of people do whatever they can to get what they want; even if it includes stealing, or snatching something away from somebody else just to get it.[1]

Hoarding orientation

Hoarding-oriented people save what they already have obtained, including their opinions, feelings, and material possessions.[1] It may be love, power, or someone’s time.

Marketing orientation

People who are marketing orientated see themselves as commodities and value themselves against the criterion of their ability to sell themselves.[1] They have fewer positive qualities than the other orientations because they are essentially empty.[1]

Necrophilous orientation

Concerning this, Fromm wrote:

  • The capacity for the attraction to death is one which is given in any human being if he fails in development of what I would call his primary potentiality, namely to be related to life as something which is interesting, something which is joyful, or to develop his powers of love and reason. If all of these things remain incomplete, then man is prone to develop another form of relatedness, that of destroying life.[6]

Productive orientation

There is a healthy personality as well, which Erich Fromm occasionally refers to as "the person without a mask".[1] This is the type of person who, without disavowing his or her biological and social nature, does not avoid freedom and responsibility.[1] This person most likely comes out of a family that loves, which prefers reason to rules, and freedom to conformity.[1]

See also

References
  1. Boeree, C. George. "Erich Fromm." Personality Theories: My Webspace files. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Nov. 2011. <http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/fromm.html>.
  2. Sayers, Dean. "Erich Fromm". Archived from the original on 2 May 2012. Retrieved 17 July 2012.
  3. Fromm, Erich (1947). Man for Himself. Canada: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston of Canada Limited. ISBN 0805014039.
  4. Sayers, Dean. "ENRICH FORMM." http://dean.roushimsx.com Archived 2012-06-26 at the Wayback Machine. N.p.. Web. 8 Dec 2012. <http://dean.roushimsx.com/fromm.htm Archived 2012-05-02 at the Wayback Machine>.
  5. "Character Compass". Thursday, 4 May 2017
  6. fromm-online.org
  • Boeree, C. George. Personality Theories: Erich Fromm 1997, 2006.
  • Fromm, E. (1947). Man For Himself. Canada:Holt, Rinehart, and Winston of Canada Limited.
  • (Fromm online)
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