Chickasaw Capitol Building

The Chickasaw Capitol Building housed the government of the Chickasaw Nation during its last six years of existence. The government ceased to exist on March 4, 1906, a little more than one year before Indian Territory and Oklahoma Territory combined to form the present state of Oklahoma. The building was sold to Johnston County, Oklahoma, in 1992, which used it as the county courthouse. The Chickasaw Nation repurchased the structure and has turned it into a museum.

Chickasaw National Capitol Building
LocationTishomingo, Jackson County, Oklahoma
Built1898
Architectural styleVictorian Gothic
NRHP reference No.71000963
Added to NRHPNovember 5, 1971

Creation of the National Capitol

After the Chickasaws were forced to emigrate to the Indian Territory, they built their main town, Tishomingo, where they constructed a one-room log council house to serve as their capitol.[lower-alpha 1] In 1856, the Chickasaws built a two-story brick building that would be their capitol until 1898. The ravages of the Civil War and the aftermath of financial hard times left the 1856 building in a sorry state. The Chickasaw leaders ordered that the old building be dismantled and that a new capitol should be put in its place.[1]

However, by 1898, the negotiations were well underway between the Chickasaws, Choctaws and U.S. Government that would result in the Atoka Agreement. A key provision stated that the tribal governments were to be terminated on March 4, 1906.The tribal chiefs ratified the document in November 7, 1896, though it had to be approved by Chickasaw voters in an election held in August 1898.[2]

Despite the knowledge that the capitol would soon become useless because the Nation itself would become defunct, the Nation pursued construction of an imposing building as a memorial to the existence of the Chickasaw people. Robert M. Harris, who was elected Governor in 1896, is credited with being the driving force behind the construction. The Victorian gothic structure is built of red granite from Pennington Creek. The rock came from a quarry owned by Harris, and was cut and hauled into town on mule-drawn wagons. The building encloses 8,000 square feet (740 m2) of space and sits amid spacious, well-kept grounds in Tishomingo, Oklahoma.[3]

After Statehood

The building continued to serve until November 7, 1908, when Oklahoma officially became a state and the Chickasaw Nation was officially notified to vacate the premises. It remained vacant until 1910, when the Chickasaw Nation sold it to Johnston County, Oklahoma for use as a courthouse. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1910. The Chickasaw Nation bought it back from Johnston County to turn it into a museum.[4]

Museum

The museum is open Monday through Friday, 8 AM to 5 PM, and Saturday, 10 AM through 4 PM. Tours are offered Tuesday through Friday from 10 AM through 4:30 PM. The largest exhibit presents Chickasaw government history from 1856 through 1907. Other featured exhibits include a replica of Governor Douglas Johnston's office, the National Secretary's vault, a Chickasaw Governors portrait collection, a rotating photography exhibit, and the Chickasaw National Well, just outside the building.[3]

See also

Notes
  1. Green indicates that the original council house was refurbished in 1966, and became the main attraction at the Council House Museum in Tishomingo.[1]

References
  1. Green, Richard. "178. Chickasaw Council House Museum and Chickasaw Nation Capitol, OK." In American Indian Places: A Historical Guidebook. Frances H. Kennedy, ed. Houghton Mifflin Co. Boston, New York. 2008. pp. 127-128. Accessed December 7, 2016.
  2. Cox, Matthew Rex. Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture."Atoka Agreement." Retrieved May 7, 2013."Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2010-07-29. Retrieved 2010-05-08.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  3. "Chickasaw National Capitol Building." Chickasaw Country. Accessed December 8, 2016
  4. "Chickasaw National Capitol Building." Oklahoma Tourism & Recreation Department. 2016. Accessed December 6, 2016.
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