Chondrilla (plant)

Chondrilla is a genus of flowering plants in the aster family, Asteraceae.[2][3] They are native to Eurasia, and certain taxa are known as introduced species outside their native range.[4] The best known of these is rush skeletonweed (Chondrilla juncea), a noxious weed established in Africa, Australia, and the Americas.[5]

For the genus of sea sponges, see Chondrilla (sponge).

Chondrilla
Chondrilla juncea
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Eudicots
(unranked):
Asterids
Order:
Asterales
Family:
Asteraceae
Subfamily:
Cichorioideae
Tribe:
Cichorieae
Genus:
Chondrilla

Synonyms[1]
Chondrilla chondrilloides

Chondrilla species produce one or more stems up to 1.5 meters tall from a taproot which can be very deep and highly branched. The basal and lower stem leaves are divided and toothed, and are borne on winged petioles. The upper leaf blades are smaller and simple. The cylindrical flower heads are often solitary but may grow in clusters, and are located along the branches and at the ends. They contain several yellow florets that soon wither. The fruit is a cylindrical, beaked, ribbed cypsela with a pappus of many white bristles.[4]

This genus is closely related to the dandelions of genus Taraxacum. Plants of both genera undergo apomixis, producing fertile seeds via asexual reproduction.[6]

Species[7]
  • Chondrilla acantholepis
  • Chondrilla ambigua
  • Chondrilla aspera
  • Chondrilla bosseana
  • Chondrilla brevirostris
  • Chondrilla canescens
  • Chondrilla chondrilloides
  • Chondrilla evae
  • Chondrilla gibbirostris
  • Chondrilla hispida
  • Chondrilla juncea – rush skeletonweed, hogbite
  • Chondrilla kusnezovii
  • Chondrilla laticoronata
  • Chondrilla lejosperma
  • Chondrilla macra
  • Chondrilla macrocarpa
  • Chondrilla maracandica
  • Chondrilla mariae
  • Chondrilla mujunkumensis
  • Chondrilla ornata
  • Chondrilla pauciflora
  • Chondrilla phaeocephala
  • Chondrilla piptocoma
  • Chondrilla ramosissima
  • Chondrilla rouillieri
  • Chondrilla setulosa
  • Chondrilla spinosa
  • Chondrilla tenuiramosa
  • Chondrilla yossii

References
  1. Flann, C (ed) 2009+ Global Compositae Checklist Archived 2014-11-13 at Archive.today
  2. Linnaeus, Carl von. 1753. Species Plantarum 2: 796-797 in Latin
  3. Tropicos, Chondrilla L.
  4. Chondrilla. Flora of North America.
  5. Chondrilla juncea. Flora of North America.
  6. Van Dijk, P. J. (2003). Ecological and evolutionary opportunities of apomixis: insights from Taraxacum and Chondrilla. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences 358(1434), 1113-21.
  7. Chondrilla. The Plant List.


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